Fig. 5: Bipartite graphs of QAC gene hosts and co-occurring resistance genes highlight extensive biological diversity and the potential for cross-selection of multidrug resistance.

A University wastewater treatment plant (WWTP): Bipartite graph of quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) gene hosts (at the family level) colored by phylum. Edge weights highlight normalized counts (contigs with QAC gene per sample) of gene-host predictions. B Community WWTP: Bipartite graph of QAC gene hosts (at the family level) colored by phylum. Edge weights highlight normalized counts (contigs with QAC gene per sample) of gene-host predictions. C University WWTP: Bipartite graph of co-localized ARGs detected at least once with one of the QAC genes. D Community WWTP: Bipartite graph of co-localized ARGs detected at least once with one of the QAC genes.