Fig. 1: Optimized cost and energy utilization of constant ammonia production (100 MW).

a, Solar energy assuming 100% energy utilization (that is, no curtailment). b, Solar energy with optimized energy utilization. c, Optimal amount of curtailment with solar energy. d, Wind energy assuming 100% energy utilization. e, Wind energy with optimized energy utilization. f, Optimal amount of curtailment with wind energy.