Extended Data Fig. 6: Value of utilizing energy to produce ammonia as a function of percent energy utilization.

(a) the best solar locations (lowest 10% of LCOA). (b) average solar locations (45th–55th percentile of LCOA). (c) worst solar locations (highest 10% of LCOA). (d) the best wind locations. (e) average wind locations. (f) worst wind locations. The results for 10 locations sampled in each category are averaged. The LCOUs of each component is depicted as negative value because it is subtracted from the market value of energy in the form of ammonia, which is approximated to be $1000 tNH3−1. The LVOUs is calculated as the sum of the market value and negatives of LCOUs. The Levelized Apparent Energy Value (LAEVu) is directly analogous to LAECu and is calculated by subtracting the LAECu from the market value of energy as ammonia.