Fig. 2: Nonlocal SV and Hanle measurements.

a Illustrated in the schematic is the nonlocal measurement of spin voltage, wherein an in-plane magnetic field is applied along the easy axis of the FM spin injector and detector. b Characteristic nonlocal SV signals observed in n-Ge at 4 K. The sweeping direction of the magnetic field is indicated by the black and red arrows, while the relative magnetization directions of the spin injector and detector are denoted by the blue arrows; c Simplified illustration of nonlocal Hanle measurement with an out-of-plane magnetic field applied perpendicular to the FM/semiconductor interface. d Distinctive nonlocal Hanle precession signals were observed in n-Ge at 4 K. The figures are reprinted with permission from ref. ¹⁹ Copyright 2015 by the Royal Society of Chemistry.