Fig. 1: Circadian rhythms in behavior and melatonin secretion in European starlings. | npj Biological Timing and Sleep

Fig. 1: Circadian rhythms in behavior and melatonin secretion in European starlings.

From: Ecology of timekeeping: feeding times effect clock-controlled behavior, metabolism and reproduction in diurnal vertebrates

Fig. 1

a Representative double plotted 24-h patterns (actograms) of locomotion and feeding (eating) activities in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) sequentially exposed to bright and dim LD (12 h light: 12 h darkness; LDbright, 500:0.2 lux; LDdim, 2: 0.2 lux) and constant dim light (LLdim, 0.2 lx) conditions, as mentioned on the right-hand side of the diagrams. The corresponding profiles of plasma melatonin levels are interposed within the feeding actogram. b Double plotted 24-h pattern of feeding actogram in a starling exhibiting temporal association between feeding and melatonin rhythms. This figure is based on results included in a publication of Kumar et al.38, with permission; for reference details please see the reference section.

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