Fig. 2: The solid mechanics and hemodynamics exposed to coronary arteries in vivo.

a Pulsatile blood pressure and flow velocity to induce wall shear stress; b Circumferential stress arises from radial expansion and recoil over the cardiac cycle, and Laplace’s law to estimate the wall stress, where r is vessel radius, h is the wall thickness; c The wall stress in axial, circumferential and radial directions.