Fig. 2: Restricted cubic spline curve depicting the association between IGFBP7 levels and incident atrial fibrillation.

This figure illustrates the association between insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFBP7) levels and the hazard of incident atrial fibrillation (AF) using a restricted cubic spline model. The x-axis represents IGFBP7 concentrations (µg/L), and the y-axis represents the hazard ratio for AF. The solid red line denotes the hazard ratio, with light-red shading indicating the 95% confidence intervals. Knots were placed at the 5th, 35th, 65th, and 95th percentiles of IGFBP7. The model was adjusted for age, sex, weight, height, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, smoking, type 2 diabetes, history of myocardial infarction or stroke, history of heart failure, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. The gray-shaded background (histogram) represents the distribution of IGFBP7 in the study population.