Fig. 1: Concepts underlying fluorescence-based biosensors.
From: Optical biosensors for diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases
a Schematic representation of ELISA, highlighting antibody-antigen interactions and fluorescent signal generation; b schematic of SIMOA, showing molecular detection using microwells and paramagnetic beads; c schematic of a CRISPR-based fluorescence biosensor, illustrating target recognition and fluorescent signal release through Cas enzyme activity; and d schematic of FRET, demonstrating energy transfer between donor and acceptor fluorophores during close-range protein binding.
