Fig. 3: Morphological changes of the fruit stems during ripening. | npj Science of Plants

Fig. 3: Morphological changes of the fruit stems during ripening.

From: Structural and biomechanical adaptations of fruits and seeds in Ecballium elaterium (Cucurbitaceae) for seed dispersal

Fig. 3

Angle between fruit and stem of unripe (N = 16), medium-ripe (N = 58) and ripe (N = 23) fruits (a) and during the ripening process (N = 5) (b). Curvature of the stem of c unripe (N = 33), medium-ripe (N = 83) and ripe fruits (N = 26) and d during the ripening process (N = 5). Different letters indicate statistically significant differences; a One Way ANOVA, P < 0.001; Tukey Test, all P < 0.001; c Kruskal–Wallis One Way ANOVA on Ranks, P < 0.001; Dunn’s Post-Hoc Test, all P < 0.05.

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