Table 1 Summary statistics for PM2.5 and temperature exposures among all-cause deaths in greater Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada between 2010 and 2022
From: The synergistic effects of PM2.5 and high temperature on community mortality in British Columbia
Variable | Overall, N = 94,083a | Case, N = 21,220a | Control, N = 72,863a | p-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) PM2.5 (µg/m3) | 7.4 (6.4) | 7.5 (6.5) | 7.4 (6.3) | < 0.001 |
PM2.5 Concentration Bins (µg/m3) | < 0.001 | |||
<6 | 41,115 (44%) | 9081 (43%) | 32,034 (44%) | |
≥6–8 | 31,820 (34%) | 7137 (34%) | 24,683 (34%) | |
≥8–10 | 10,643 (11%) | 2378 (11%) | 8265 (11%) | |
≥10––12 | 3953 (4.2%) | 965 (4.5%) | 2988 (4.1%) | |
≥12–14 | 2301 (2.4%) | 703 (3.3%) | 1598 (2.2%) | |
≥14–16 | 1179 (1.3%) | 267 (1.3%) | 912 (1.3%) | |
≥16 | 3072 (3.3%) | 689 (3.2%) | 2383 (3.3%) | |
PM2.5 Percentile Groups (range, µg/m3) | < 0.001 | |||
<50th (2.0–6.1) | 43,953 (47%) | 9711 (46%) | 34,242 (47%) | |
50th–60th (6.1, 6.6) | 10,008 (11%) | 2233 (11%) | 7775 (11%) | |
60th–70th (6.6, 7.2) | 10,081 (11%) | 2237 (11%) | 7844 (11%) | |
70th–80th (7.2, 8.1) | 9829 (10%) | 2274 (11%) | 7555 (10%) | |
80th–90th (8.1, 10.1) | 9978 (11%) | 2204 (10%) | 7774 (11%) | |
>90th (10.1, 122) | 10,234 (11%) | 2561 (12%) | 7673 (11%) | |
WFS Day | 0.5 | |||
No | 86,213 (92%) | 19,423 (91%) | 66,790 (92%) | |
Yes | 7870 (8%) | 1797 (9%) | 6073 (8%) | |
Temperature (oC) | 14.7 (4.6) | 14.9 (4.9) | 14.6 (4.5) | <0.001 |
Temperature Bins (oC) | < 0.001 | |||
<14 | 42,325 (45%) | 9286 (44%) | 33,039 (45%) | |
≥14–17 | 23,405 (25%) | 5228 (25%) | 18,177 (25%) | |
≥17–20 | 16,837 (18%) | 3870 (18%) | 12,967 (18%) | |
≥20–23 | 7933 (8.4%) | 1778 (8.4%) | 6155 (8.4%) | |
≥23–26 | 2891 (3.1%) | 652 (3.1%) | 2239 (3.1%) | |
≥26–29 | 692 (0.7%) | 406 (1.9%) | 286 (0.4%) | |
Temperature Percentile Groups (range, oC) | < 0.001 | |||
<50th (−3.3, 9.1) | 47,354 (50%) | 10,457 (49%) | 36,897 (51%) | |
50th–60th (14.6, 15.7) | 9303 (9.9%) | 2024 (9.5%) | 7279 (10.0%) | |
60th–70th (15.7, 17) | 9044 (9.6%) | 2023 (9.5%) | 7021 (9.6%) | |
70th–80th (17, 18.3) | 9052 (9.6%) | 2030 (9.6%) | 7022 (9.6%) | |
80th–90th (18.3, 20.4) | 9496 (10%) | 2240 (11%) | 7256 (10.0%) | |
>90th (20.4, 35.3) | 9834 (10%) | 2446 (12%) | 7388 (10%) | |
Extreme Heat Eventc | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 4728 (5.0%) | 1399 (6.6%) | 3329 (4.6%) | |
No | 89,355 (95%) | 19,821 (93%) | 69,534 (95%) | |
Mutually Exclusive Extreme Exposure Groupsd | < 0.001 | |||
No Extreme Events | 74,724 (79%) | 16,508 (78%) | 58,216 (80%) | |
Extreme PM2.5 Only | 6147 (6.5%) | 1346 (6.3%) | 4801 (6.6%) | |
Extreme Temperature Only | 9125 (9.7%) | 2151 (10%) | 6974 (9.6%) | |
Extreme PM2.5 and Temperature | 4087 (4.3%) | 1215 (5.7%) | 2872 (3.9%) |
