Fig. 4: Stress predictions based on EBC.

The first column (a1–d1) displays birefringence images of laser cut samples while being uniaxially compressed. a1 Macroscale network laser cut from poly(methylmetacrylate) sheets with 2D architecture extracted from the 2D projection of aramid nanofiber network imaged by scanning electron microscopy. b1 Complex auxetic network generated from the pruning of struts from a sphere packing algorithm (c1) (4, 6, 12) Archimedean lattice and (d1) corresponds to 90◦ diamond lattice. The prediction of struts experiencing high stress are shown in the second column (a2–d2) highlighted in yellow over experimental photographs. The third column (a3–d3) shows ROC curves comparing predictions of \({{EBC}}_{G}\) and \({{EBC}}_{{LB}}\) for each of the tested network structures. Predictions are improved for \({{EBC}}_{{LB}}\) for all cases. The graph models were extracted using StructuralGT. No node merger or pruning options were applied.