Figure 1
From: Anomalous incident-angle and elliptical-polarization rotation of an elastically refracted P-wave

Polarization vector and wave-front normal for incident P-wave and induced waves at the interface.
The solid-lines with arrowhead indicate the phase velocity direction and the dashed-lines with arrowhead show the polarization direction;
is a displacement and m = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} denotes the incident P-wave, reflected P-wave, refracted P-wave, reflected SV-wave and refracted SV-wave, respectively.