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Caribbean peatlands are a critical ecosystem that remain poorly understood, according to a synthesis of paleoecology, carbon dynamics and mapping data: estimations of distribution and extent vary by more than 200% depending upon mapping technique
Improved understanding of marine heatwave predictability and impacts requires analysis of these extremes at full ocean depth, using models and observations capturing their key drivers at the relevant scales, according to a broad literature review.
The formation of nanomaterials in aqueous fluids can be explained by four different pathways: formation by biotic and abiotic processes, coupled and decoupled with weathering processes. In the Earth’s critical zone, these pathways can be classified into 18 subcategories based on the surrounding environment.
Climate change is likely to impact coastal trace element contamination through natural processes, such as river runoff and human activities such as shipping. A focus on increased data coverage in the Global South, long-term and multiple stressors studies and improved ecosystem models are promising avenues to improve our understanding.
Water table fluctuations in wetlands impact methane production and emissions via biotic and abiotic pathways including soil redox, substrate availability, electron flow, gas transport, and microbial community structure, according to the analysis of observational data from 31 wetland sites and a broad literature review.
Anti-repeaters – earthquakes that happen in the same location but with opposite focal mechanisms – are widespread but under-recognised and likely result from fluid migration processes, suggests a synthesis of observations of these phenomena from a range of tectonic environments.
Inputs of radionuclides to the marine environment will be impacted by climate change, thus there is a pressing need to understand the existing and potential sources of radionuclides to assess the implications of climate change impacts, suggests a literature synthesis of radionuclide sources.
The complex signals which precede large earthquake mainshocks highlight a juxtaposition of diverse driving mechanisms and the important influence of boundary conditions, according to a synthesis of recent developments in observing seismic and geodetic earthquake precursor signals.
A synthesis of microbiological studies on young volcanic deposits examines the opportunities these habitats represent to study microbial community development in extreme conditions including, potentially, the past environment of Mars.
