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In Mato Grosso, Brazil, an increase in profits from safrinha corn indirectly increases land values and forest loss, and these effects persist for several years after a shift in profits, according to an analysis that combines crop, cost, and yield data with a statistical model.
El Niño–Southern Oscillation variability was not only stronger during the deglaciation but also correlated with North Atlantic records of iceberg discharge, according to analysis of finely laminated sediments from the Peruvian margin.
Amazonian fog samples contain viable microbes, suggesting fog plays a role microbial dispersal, colonization and nutrient cycling, according to analyses of fog samples from a tall tower observatory.
Large inland lakes tend to increase the atmospheric boundary layer height over nearby land areas and reduce it over the lake itself, with the dominant mechanisms (thermal, moisture, and dynamic processes) varying with season, lake elevation, size, and latitude.
Carbon dioxide from hydrothermal vents can constitute a substantial fraction of local biomass, controlled by factors such as temperature and acidity, according to analyses of compound-specific and bulk isotope measurements from a shallow-water hydrothermal system off Taiwan.
Silicate-dominated rivers exhibit lower denitrification but higher N2O production than carbonate-dominated rivers due to coarser sediments, lower organic carbon, and reduced pH, according to global statistical analyses and field sampling in the Pearl River Basin.
Observations compiled from several Mars observation missions suggest a significant but short-lived dust storm during the Northern hemisphere summer of Mars Year 37 drove substantial vertical transport of water vapor into the upper atmosphere.
Citric and oxalic acids can enhance the dissolution of chromium(III) under strongly reducing conditions where relatively high levels of ferrous iron are present, according to laboratory-controlled batch dissolution and flow-through column experiments on soils and sediments.
A new framework with “Three Soil Water Pools” and “Two Plant Water Pools” concepts resolves conflicting hydrogen isotope observations between plants and water sources, indicating no distinct offsets, based on data from 212 field sites worldwide.
Dominant fractions of soil-heavy metal(loid)s are mapped globally using a machine learning model trained on 9489 field measurements. Using mercury as a case study, the model shows that soil mercury exhibits high mobility across 17.8% of global regions.
Areas with increasing ecosystem service supply from 2000 to 2020 spatially overlap with declining resilience in the Loess Plateau, revealing mismatches between service gains and resilience losses, based on a multi-scenario spatial prioritization framework.
State-space universal dynamic equations can recover nonlinear biological interactions that produce complex behaviors, including chaos and regime shifts, offering a novel way for accurate predictions of ecosystem dynamics.
In the inner Laptev Sea, observed methane releases dominantly stem from microbial methane pools within the subsea permafrost system, according to triple-isotopic analyses of dissolved methane and statistical source apportionment.
Rougher surfaces in smaller apertures olivine fractures increase reactive surface area but hinder efficient carbon dioxide mineralization by promoting passivating iron oxide precipitates, according to an integrated experimental and modeling study.
Geochronology measurement densities (i.e., the number per time) are a new paleo indicator, as statistically characterized using Haar fluctuation analysis, determining the densities’ scaling regimes, exponents and their correlations with the primary paleoindicators.
The ‘Strangelove Ocean’, with severely reduced biological activity before the summit of the Cambrian explosion, may have been triggered by super-eruptions in the north-western margin of Gondwana, according to analysis of geological samples from Southern China.
Farmland- and service-scale managements synergistically reduce agricultural carbon emissions in China between 2005 and 2021 through effects of agglomeration, technology, and machinery, based on an analysis of panel data from 30 Chinese provinces
Compound freeze-dry events have been the primary drivers of historical yield loss in the south of Northern China, whereas compound hot-dry events have dominated in other regions. Statistical analyses and climate simulations indicate that these compound extremes are projected to intensify under future climate scenarios.
Integrating seismo-acoustic monitoring with visual observations provides valuable insights into pyroclastic density currents dynamics and associated pre- and post-collapse processes, according to integration of geophysical observations and modelling approaches.
