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Optimal referral of patients who are at risk of kidney failure to nephrologists could improve their long-term outcomes. Various strategies, including the inclusion of kidney failure risk equations in electronic medical records and the active dissemination of clinical practice guidelines, could help to reduce the gap between optimal referral and what currently happens in clinical practice.
Two studies have applied a mechanical stimulus directly to a cilium, independent of a chemical signal, and demonstrated that force-based bending of a single nodal axoneme is sufficient to induce intraciliary Ca2+ flux in a PKD2-dependent manner, which propagates to drive asymmetric gene expression.
Pathways of regulated cell death may contribute to the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases. Here, the authors provide an overview of the relationship between necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis and apoptosis, the evidence supporting a role for these regulated pathways of necrosis in kidney disease, strategies for therapeutic targeting and research needs.
Necroptosis is a form of necrotic cell death that leads to cell lysis and an inflammatory response in neighbouring tissues. This Review describes the molecular mechanisms that regulate the induction of necroptosis and current evidence implicating a role for necroptosis in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases.
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent mechanism of regulated necrosis that is driven by the robust oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipids. This Review describes the fundamental mechanisms of ferroptosis, the potential contribution of ferroptosis to kidney disease and therapeutic strategies for targeting ferroptosis.
Pyroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is mediated by the membrane-targeting, pore-forming gasdermin family of proteins. Here, the authors provide an overview of the basic biology of gasdermins and pyroptosis with a focus on the mechanisms by which these proteins may contribute to kidney disease.
