The diagnosis and treatment of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) is hampered by the lack of knowledge of basic urinary bladder function and pathophysiology. Consequently, most therapies are off label. In this Review, the authors bring together the available data on intravesical treatments for BPS/IC and discuss the need for more high-quality randomized controlled trials.
- Jochen Neuhaus
- Thilo Schwalenberg
