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Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Cell division is governed by the positioning of a cytoskeletal structure called the spindle. Two methods, one based on laser ablation and the other on fluid flow assessments, are now shown to be useful tools for studying spindle positioning.

Here the authors report the synthesis of defect-rich boron nitride by flux reconstruction method, which exhibited good reactivity for semihydrogenation of low concentration acetylene in ethylene-abundant gas stream.

Ni-based catalysts are highly reactive for DRM, but they tend to deactivate quickly due to sintering and/or coking. Here a simple method for anchoring dispersed Ni sites in dealuminated Beta zeolite, enhancing metal-support interactions, results in a catalyst with superior stability and performance for DRM.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are well known breast cancer predisposition genes, however, many variants have not yet been classified for their pathogenicity. Here, the authors analyse a large combined cohort to provide evidence of variant pathogenicity.

Computational drug discovery is used to identify a 12-mer peptide derived from BRINP2 with potent anti-obesity effects that are independent of leptin, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor and melanocortin 4 receptor.

Recently, disordered or granular superconductors have gained attention for their applications in quantum devices. Here the authors report a reproducible method to fabricate high-impedance granular Al resonators, followed by integration with quantum dot devices, achieving record hole-photon coupling strength.

Analysis of the conidial surface proteome of the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus and three closely related species reveals factors important for evasion and modulation of host immunity

Fine-mapping of causal variants and integration of epigenetic and chromatin conformation data identify likely target genes for 150 breast cancer risk regions.

Ruggeri et al. find in a study of 61 countries that temporal discounting patterns are globally generalizable. Worse financial environments, greater inequality and high inflation are associated with extreme or inconsistent long-term decisions.

Assisted migration is the artificial movement of species and populations to increase forest resilience. Here the authors model how targeted assisted migration can preserve or enhance the European forest carbon sink under future climate scenarios.

The orphan enzyme phosphotriesterase-related (PTER) is identified as a mammalian N-acetyltaurine hydrolase that has roles in regulating body weight and energy balance.

Leptin is a master regulator of body weight and energy homeostasis that is dysregulated in obesity. Here, authors determined the cryo-EM structure of the activated Leptin receptor complex, revealing insights into the mechanism of Leptin signaling

Plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181) predicts Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Here, the authors investigated whether plasma ptau181 could be a potential biomarker of AD in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and find plasma p-tau181 can detect AD in DS adults.

New data on brain-wide circuits centred around two interconnected hypothalamic neuron populations provide significant mechanistic insights into the emergence of social need during social isolation and the satiation of social need during social reunion.

Previous studies on astrocyte development have led to controversial results due to a lack of pertinent tools. Here, authors analyze large numbers of astrocyte clones generated by nearby cortical progenitors using the MAGIC Markers strategy and ChroMS 3D imaging, and show that clonally-related astrocytes organize in a non-stereotyped manner and that cortical astrocyte subtypes are not intrinsically specified.

The circadian factors BMAL1/CLOCK and REV-ERB are master regulators of the human liver transcriptome but their role in hepatitis B virus infection is largely unknown. Here, Zhuang et al. show that REV-ERB regulates hepatitis B virus entry and BMAL1 directly binds HBV DNA and activates viral genome transcription.

LncRNAs at the HOX gene locus are increased in expression in NPM1 mutant acute myeloid leukemia. In this study, the authors show that one such lncRNA, HOX3B-AS3, has a role in regulating gene transcription and protein synthesis in leukemia cells.

Alterations in microRNA function contribute to the pathogenesis of many cancers. Recent studies have shown that such changes can result not only from mutations but also from epigenetic silencing or the dysregulation of transcription factors that target specific microRNAs.

WNT signalling pathway components are potentially important in prostate tumours, particularly in the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer and in the prostate tumour microenvironment. Here, Murillo-Garzón and Kypta describe our current understanding of WNT signalling in prostate cancer and discuss the potential of drugs that target this pathway.

Content-aware frame interpolation (CAFI) improves the temporal resolution in time-lapse imaging by accurately predicting images in between image pairs. By allowing fewer frames to be imaged, CAFI also enables gentler live-cell imaging.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MRE) represent a major threat for patients’ health. Here, the authors describe how cooperation between gut commensal bacteria (Lactobacillus spp. And Clostridiales) restrict MRE colonization in mice and patients

Guo et al. show that ligand-induced EGFR activation suppresses invasion by upregulating BIN3 and inhibiting DOCK7-regulated Rho GTPase activity in EGFR-amplified glioblastoma, which is in contrast to the known oncogenic role for EGFR signalling.

Precise control of charge transfer between catalyst nanoparticles and supports presents a unique opportunity to enhance catalytic performance. Here the authors demonstrate a scanning transmission electron microscopy method to visualize atomic-scale structure and sub-nanometer-scale charge distribution in heterogeneous catalysts, shedding light on the atomic-scale mechanisms behind their highly active perimeter sites.

Ruggeri et al. tested perceptions of opposing political party members in 10,207 participants from 26 countries. Results show that beliefs about others are overly negative but could be more realistic with transparency about actual group beliefs.

Adsorption is a fundamentally important process but challenging to quantify, especially at the nanoscale. Here, the authors map the adsorption affinity and cooperativity of various ligands on single gold nanoparticles and discover adsorption crossover behaviors between different facets, leading to a strategy to control particle shape.

Artificial Intelligence technique based on Deep Learning is used to differentiate seismic waves before and after a M6.5 earthquake. The model classifies foreshocks, aftershocks, and time-to-failure, providing insights into how fault zone properties change before and after earthquakes.

This multidisciplinary fingerprinting study, using isotopic, structural and genetic fingerprints, has shown that the suspended particulate matter in the Great Barrier Reef does not have terrestrial origin but produced locally by marine phytoplankton

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

Lymphocyte homing to the gut and Peyer’s patches requires expression of integrin α₄β₇. Ballet and colleagues report that B cell expression of CD22 is required to specifically retain surface expression of β₇ integrin molecules, thereby promoting B cell retention in the gut and optimal gut mucosal antibody responses.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider reports a search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in decays of Z bosons into a τ lepton and an electron or muon of opposite charge.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports a measurement of the ratio of the decay rates of W bosons to τ leptons and muons, in agreement with universal lepton couplings as postulated in the standard model of particle physics.