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Immuno-oncology was hotly pursued by investors in 2015, along with drug delivery platforms. In the agbiotech world, a systems biology company set up shop.

A study generates a clinicogenomics dataset resource, MSK-CHORD, that combines natural language processing-derived clinical annotations with patient medical data from various sources to improve models of cancer outcome.

The evolution of myeloid malignancies is investigated using combined single-cell sequencing and immunophenotypic analysis.

Clonal hematopoiesis is driven by the selective advantage of mutant hematopoietic stem cells. Here, authors discover that elevated mitochondrial activity is a targetable mechanism by which mutant hematopoietic stem cells gain a selective advantage.

Is it time to reassess the 14-day rule for human embryo research?

Long-lived entanglement is a key resource for quantum metrology with optical clocks. Rydberg-based entangling gates within arrays of neutral atoms enable the generation of clock-transition Bell states with high fidelity and long coherence times.

An integrative genomic analysis of several hundred endometrial carcinomas shows that a minority of tumour samples carry copy number alterations or TP53 mutations and many contain key cancer-related gene mutations, such as those involved in canonical pathways and chromatin remodelling; a reclassification of endometrial tumours into four distinct types is proposed, which may have an effect on patient treatment regimes.

A high-resolution, global atlas of mortality of children under five years of age between 2000 and 2017 highlights subnational geographical inequalities in the distribution, rates and absolute counts of child deaths by age.

A spatially resolved transcriptional atlas of the mid-gestational developing human brain has been created using laser-capture microdissection and microarray technology, providing a comprehensive reference resource which also enables new hypotheses about the nature of human brain evolution and the origins of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Geospatial estimates of child growth failure in Africa provide a baseline for measuring progress and a precision public health platform to target interventions to those populations with the greatest need.

Molecular heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) across patients is a major challenge for prognosis and therapy. Here, the authors show that NPM1 mutated AML is a heterogeneous class, consisting of two subtypes which exhibit distinct molecular characteristics, differentiation state, patient survival and drug response.

Most studies of the genetics of the metabolome have been done in individuals of European descent. Here, the authors integrate genomics and metabolomics in Black individuals, highlighting the value of whole genome sequencing in diverse populations and linking circulating metabolites to human disease.

Somatic mutations in MEN1 are identified in patients with leukaemia treated with a novel chromatin-targeting therapy, and the mechanism by which these mutations mediate therapeutic resistance is characterized.

Fc engineering of a capsule-specific antibody identifies Fc variants which augment effector function and promote neutrophil-dependent control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Extensive genomic analyses of the chromatin architecture in acute myeloid leukaemia reveals several characteristics, including subtype-specific distal enhancers and silencers, that may represent new anticancer therapeutic targets.

High-resolution subnational mapping of child growth failure indicators for 105 low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 shows that, despite considerable progress, substantial geographical inequalities still exist in some countries.

Melnick and colleagues show that the cohesin complex exhibits dose-dependent regulation of chromatin remodeling that accompanies the transition of germinal center B cells to plasma cells, which is necessary to prevent lymphomagenesis.

Sub-nanometer graphene nanopores are usually required to create graphene-based reverse osmosis membranes. Here, Rollings et al.show that membranes with larger pores are highly ion selective and a hundred times more permeable to potassium ions than to chloride ions, making them useful for electrodialysis.

Carl June and colleagues report the results of a phase I/II trial of adoptively transferred engineered T cells in patients with advanced multiple myeloma.

The post-translational modification O-GlcNAc on amyloid-forming proteins can inhibit their aggregation. Now, it has been shown that O-GlcNAc modification of small heat shock proteins HSP27, αA- and αB-crystallin can increase their anti-amyloid activity and block the amyloid formation of both α-synuclein and Aβ(1–42). A mechanism for this protective effect based on decreased physical interactions is also proposed.

Previous studies have shown that both rare pathogenic mutations and common genetic variants contribute to the familial risk of developing colorectal cancer. Here, the authors carry out a two-stage genome-wide association study and identify six new loci associated with colorectal cancer.

Local-level analyses show that, despite marked progress in educational attainment from 2000 to 2015 across Africa, substantial differences persist between locations and sexes that have widened in many countries.

In this Review, Whelan and colleagues summarize and discuss evidence for the effects of ultra-processed foods and food additives on gut health and diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and irritable bowel syndrome.

An international consortium reports the genomic sequence for ten Drosophila species, and compares them to two other previously published Drosophila species. These data are invaluable for drawing evolutionary conclusions across an entire phylogeny of species at once.

Local zoning ordinances may impact wind and solar development in the United States. A new study finds that setbacks could reduce resource potential by up to 87% for wind and 38% for solar.

The complicated and labor-intensive manufacturing of novel cell and gene therapies requires efforts to improve workforce development programs for the nascent cell therapy industry broadly, and for cell manufacturing more specifically.

Lineage tracing by barcoding of individual cells using a lentivirus library shows that cycling and non-cycling drug-tolerant persister cells in cancer arise from different lineages with distinct transcriptional and metabolic programs.

A genome-wide association study identifies 17 genetic loci that are associated with the risk of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), and shows that the modulation of haematopoietic stem cell function drives MPN risk.

Regulatory T cells help to keep adaptive immunity in check. Rudensky and colleagues show that these cells continuously require TCR signaling to maintain their cellular identity and homeostasis and to exert their suppressive ability.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses identify new risk loci for Parkinson’s disease, and fine-mapping and co-localization analyses implicate candidate genes whose expression is associated with disease susceptibility.

The CCT complex, a key player in the chaperone machinery, has been implicated in Huntington’s disease. Pavelet al. show that CCT2/5/7 also play an essential role in autophagosome degradation, and that the aggregation of proteins upon CCT2/5/7 depletion is primarily a consequence of impaired autophagy.

Tumors vary in their ratio of normal to cancerous cells and in their genomic copy number. Carter et al. describe an analytic method for inferring the purity and ploidy of a tumor sample, enabling longitudinal studies of subclonal mutations and tumor evolution.

Single-cell analysis of mouse hematopoietic stem cells shows that mutations in DNA methylation genes change the frequencies of erythroid versus myelomonocytic progenitors, owing to differential CpG enrichment in transcription factor binding motifs.

The genome of the grey short-tailed opossum Monodelphis domestica has been sequenced and analyzed, giving a first peek at a marsupial's genetic code. Of particular interest are the genetics of the immune system, which has been studied as a model for humans, and of the X chromosome for historical reasons.

Inactivation of an enzyme in the ubiquitin protein degradation pathway results in male sterility in mice.

The cell types affected by biological perturbations in complex tissues are uncovered by single-cell analysis.

Wei Zheng and colleagues report genome-wide analyses in east Asians and identify three new loci associated with colorectal cancer risk.