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2023 CX1 is the only L-chondrite-like asteroid analysed from space to ground. It catastrophically fragmented in the atmosphere, depositing 98% of its energy in one burst—an unusual, high-risk fragmentation mode with implications for planetary defence.

Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive means for measuring blood oxygen saturation and pulse rate, with typical sensors based on rigid electronics. Here, the authors develop a pulse oximeter based solely on organic materials, allowing flexible devices and hence increasing the potential sensing locations on the body.

The planum temporale is a key structure in the human language network. Here the authors show that planum temporale asymmetry at birth in baboons predicts the development of communicative right-hand use, which suggests some common features in the wiring of communicative properties between species.

Tripartite multidrug efflux pumps are important determinants of antibiotic resistance in several pathogenic bacteria. Here Verchère et al. design an in vitro assay system to study the transport properties of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Mechanical cues can induce morphogenetic processes during development. Here the authors show that mechanical changes during embryonic development in both zebrafish and Drosophilalead to nuclear localization of β-catenin, which regulates genes required for early mesoderm development in both species.

Dysregulated CD4 T cells have been implicated in autoimmune liver disease, but their phenotypes and origin are still unclear. Here the authors profile circulating, autoreactive CD4 T cells to find transcription signatures similar to tissue-activated, exhausted T cells, thereby hinting a tissue origin for these circulation CD4 T cells.

Glycine receptors are channel receptors mediating signal transduction between neurons that transit between resting and open states upon neurotransmitter binding. Here, the authors illuminate a progressive transition of opening by combining voltage-clamp fluorometry and molecular dynamics.

Opioid therapy is limited by analgesic tolerance and hyperalgesia. Here, the authors show that FLT3 in primary sensory neurons drives morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia while its inhibition improves morphine analgesia optimizing pain treatment.

Herbarium collections are an important source of historical DNA, whose analysis can shed light on the evolutionary history of plant pathogens. Here, Campos et al. reconstruct historical genomes of the bacterial crop pathogen Xanthomonas citri pv. citri from citrus herbarium specimens, estimating that the pathogen originated in Southern Asia ~11,500 years ago and diversified during the beginning of the 13^th century.

Analysis of outcomes of over 800 patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma, treated with commercially available CAR T cell therapy, supports higher efficacy and also a higher toxicity of axicabtagene ciloleucel compared to tisagenlecleucel as the third or more treatment line for this type of tumor.

Metal–organic chemical vapour deposition enables the wafer-scale growth of hexagonal boron nitride with an AA stacking sequence that was previously considered thermodynamically unfavourable.

Apelin and AVP have opposing effects water balance in humans and rodents. Here, the authors report that a metabolically stable apelin-17 analog, by acting at the kidney level, reduces AVP-induced antidiuresis and improves hyponatremia in rodents, demonstrating a potential approach for treating water metabolism disorders.

To refold client proteins, HSP90 chaperone undergoes large structural rearrangements. Here the authors use NMR and molecular simulation and reveal structure and dynamics of a key functionally relevant metastable state of human HSP90α N-terminal domain.

This study identifies an altered chromatin conformation associated to a cardiac disorder observed in 7 independent families. A deletion of 2 diverging CTCF binding sites on 4q25 induces TAD fusion and leads to PITX2 expression dysregulation.

Carrier mobility is a basic semiconductor property. Manteet al., use femtosecond lasers to investigate coherent acoustic phonons and relate their deformation potentials to estimate the intrinsic electron and hole mobilities of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ single crystals to be 2,800 and 9,400 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹, respectively.

The drug AT-527 targets the SARS-CoV-2 replication machinery. Here the authors use Cryo-EM to show how AT-527 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 polymerase by acting as an immediate RNA chain terminator and stably binding in a NiRAN active-site pocket; impeding an essential nucleotide-transfer activity.

The autonomic nervous systems densely innervate the pancreas, but its contribution to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression is not fully understood. Here, the authors characterize the pattern of sympathetic innervation by 3D imaging in a murine model of PDAC and show that sympathectomy aggravates cancer progression.

Thymic epithelial tumors are associated with increased risk of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced myotoxicities, and the presence of anti-acetylcholine-receptor antibodies has the potential to serve as a biomarker for ICI-induced myocarditis in patients with cancer.

To consider the impact of sex on adaptation to space, the European Space Agency initiated VIVALDI dry immersion microgravity simulation in female subjects. Here, the authors show marked deconditioning with 5-day exposure, and propose comprehensive multi-system physiological assessment in 18 healthy women.

Cortical excitatory neurons are narrowly tuned to sensory inputs, but the tuning of interneurons is perceived as broad and irregular. Duszkiewicz et al. demonstrate that interneuron tuning is structured and reflects the sum of local excitatory inputs.

Sumolyation regulates wide-ranging biological processes, but its influence on innate immunity is unclear. Amigorena and colleagues show that sumoylation negatively regulates interferon-β expression and anti-viral immunity.

A solution-processed organic phototransistor is operated at 100-frame-per-second rates with external quantum efficiencies above 100%. Dynamic range as high as 103 dB was shown for 30-frame-per-second operation.

Analysis of 100 consecutive personalized bacteriophage therapy cases supports the use of personalized and sometimes pre-adapted, bacteriophage preparations, often in combination with antibiotics.

In plant-bacteria symbiosis, frontiers between mutualism and parasitism are often crossed. Here, the authors identify a bacterial clade that includes rhizobial strains displaying both pathogenic and nodulating abilities on a single legume host.

SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron has been suggested to cause less severe disease. This prospective study shows that the clinical phenotype in patients infected with Omicron differs from patients infected with Delta but no association between Delta and Omicron including sublineages and mortality was observed.

The practical rules for the early non-invasive diagnosis of cirrhosis in NAFLD are not well defined. Here, the authors develop and validate two diagnostic tools: a stepwise stratification algorithm including a cirrhosis group, and a risk prediction chart providing a personalized assessment of the individual probability of cirrhosis.

Here, Chevalier et al show that Streptococcus pneumoniae induces the histone modifications H3K4me2 in epithelial cells, where it persists beyond bacterial clearance and affects cell responses to secondary infection.

Hypothyroidism is a common condition that cannot always be satisfactorily treated through continued hormone replacement. Here the authors report the generation of transplantable thyroid organoids derived from human embryonic stem cells that can restore plasma thyroid hormone in athyreotic mice.

SUMOylation is a mechanism of posttranslational modification involved in eukaryotic cell homeostasis. Here the authors report that mice unable to control SUMOylation in the adrenal cortex develop a selective defect in glucocorticoid production due to disrupted differentiation of cells involved in steroid hormone synthesis.

Riboswitches are non-coding RNA elements that detect metabolites and control expression by regulating mRNA levels or translation. Here, the authors provide evidence that theE. coli thiC riboswitch has a pause site in the translation initiation region that acts as a checkpoint for thiCexpression.

Sensitisation of dorsal root ganglia neurons contributes to neuropathic pain. Here the authors demonstrate the cytokine FL contributes to sensitisation of DRGs via its receptor FLT3 expressed on neurons, and identify a novel FLT3 inhibitor that attenuates neuropathic pain in mice.

The recent plasmid-mediated spread of the mobilized colistin resistance gene mcr-1 poses a significant public health threat, requiring worldwide monitoring and surveillance. Here, Wang et al. compile and analyze a data set of 457 mcr-1-positive sequenced isolates to investigate the origin and global distribution of mcr-1.

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway has important roles during neurogenesis in bilaterian animals. The authors show that this pathway regulates the transition from proliferating neural progenitors to differentiating neurons in the annelid Platynereis dumerilii, suggesting a conserved role in the last common bilaterian ancestor.

T follicular helper and regulatory cells are generated in the germinal centre; however, whether antigen specificity defines their differential functions is unclear. Here the authors show that T cells with distinct antigen specificity spectra are recruited to the germinal centre to establish these two populations.

Cytoskeletal activity generates mechanical forces known to agitate and displace membrane-bound organelles in the cytoplasm. In oocytes, Al Jord et al. discover that these cytoplasmic forces functionally remodel nuclear RNA-processing condensates across scales for developmental success.