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Combining a low-coherence source with silicon nitride ring resonators featuring normal group velocity dispersion enables electrically pumped, high-power microcombs, providing on-chip power up to 158 mW and high-coherence comb lines with linewidths as narrow as 200 kHz.

Breather solitons can be found in both physical and biological nonlinear systems. Here, Yuet al. demonstrate this type of soliton in silicon and silicon nitride microresonators, which advances the understanding of soliton-based comb-generation in microresonators.

Optical frequency combs in the mid-infrared are required for molecular gas detection applications but their realization in compact microresonator-based platforms is challenging. Here, Griffith et al. demonstrate on-chip broadband comb generation on a silicon microresonator spanning from 2.1 to 3.5 μm.

Dual-comb spectroscopy is a powerful tool for realizing rapid spectroscopic measurements with high sensitivity and selectivity. Here, Yu et al. demonstrate silicon microresonator-based dual comb spectroscopy in the mid-infrared region, where strong vibrational resonances of many liquids exist.

We demonstrate an all-optical, mode-locking, Kerr-comb frequency division method that provides a chip-scale microwave source that is extremely versatile, accurate, stable and has ultralow noise, using only a single continuous-wave laser.

Nonlinear optical processes like higher-order harmonic generation in solids depend on several factors. Here the authors explore the optical nonlinearity of hexagonal boron nitride and find that enhanced nonlinearity is due to electron-phonon and phonon-polariton couplings.

Phase-matched four-wave mixing can take place with high efficiency in a suitably designed silicon waveguide — this advance could allow for the implementation of dense wavelength channels for optical processing in an all-silicon photonic chip.

Researchers demonstrate large cross-phase shifts of 0.3 mrad per photon in a single pass through room-temperature Rb atoms confined to a hollow-core photonic bandgap fibre. The response time of less than 5 ns indicates that phase modulation bandwidths greater than 50 MHz are possible with a highly sensitive atomic-vapour-based scheme.

Synchronization of two optical microresonator frequency combs coupled over distances larger than 20 metres is experimentally realized, opening up applications of microresonator combs and offering a chip-based photonic platform for exploring complex nonlinear systems.

A monolithically integrated CMOS-compatible source is demonstrated using an optical parametric oscillator based on a silicon nitride ring resonator on silicon. Generating more than 100 wavelengths simultaneously and operating at powers below 50 mW, scientists say that it may form the basis of an on-chip high-bandwidth optical network.

The use of a photonic network of coupled degenerate optical parametric oscillators for solving complex optimisation problems would require scalable integration capabilities. Here, the authors exploit χ (3) nonlinearity in SiN to demonstrate on-chip phase-tunable coupling between two DOPO based Ising nodes.

Slow light has captured the imagination of physicists for over a decade. Although single light pulses have been slowed down in a variety of settings, a group at Rochester University has now managed to delay an entire image for the first time.

Using stimulated Brillouin scattering to achieve extremely high optical gain in silicon nanostructures may allow the realization of new integrated chip-scale photonic devices.

Researchers design and demonstrate a scalable yet compact chip-based link architecture that may enable terabit-scale optical interconnects for hyperscale data centres.

A femtosecond pulse generator is realized using an electro-optic time-lens system integrated on a lithium niobate photonic chip, capable of tunable repetition rates and wavelengths.

Integrating an optical Kerr frequency comb source with an electronically excited laser pump produces a battery-powered comb generator that does not require external lasers, moveable optics or laboratory set-ups.

By exploiting the nonlinearity of on-chip silicon nanowaveguides, a parametric temporal imaging system that can compress optical waveforms in time is demonstrated, enabling generation of complex and rapidly updatable ultrafast optical waveforms.

Temporal cloaking hides an event in time from being detected; here this is achieved by speeding up one end of a probe beam and slowing down the other to create a ‘time hole’ and to close it afterwards so that the signal amplitude of an event is much reduced.

The availability of integrated mid-infrared light sources is restricted by a lack of suitable materials and increasingly complicated fabrication requirements. Here, a single-mode silicon microresonator laser is demonstrated, who’s emission in the mid-infrared can be tuned by integrated microheaters.

The aim of multiplexing is to boost capabilities of probabilistic single photon sources, but is vexed by rapidly increasing switching losses. Here, the authors propose and implement an in-fiber frequency-multiplexing scheme where total losses are independent of the number of multiplexed modes.

Nonlinear optical interactions can be substantially enhanced by the wavelength-scale confinement in integrated photonics, providing transformative capabilities for controlling, enhancing and manipulating material nonlinearities in miniaturized platforms. In this Review, we outline the design principles that harness the potential of nonlinear optical materials on integrated platforms and their utility in applications including broadband frequency conversion, frequency-comb generation, quantum light sources and nonlinear optical quantum logic gates.

This Review discusses the developments and applications of on-chip optical frequency comb generation based on two concepts—supercontinuum generation in photonic-chip waveguides and Kerr-comb generation in microresonators.

This article reviews recent progress in the use of silicon nitride and Hydex as non-silicon-based CMOS-compatible platforms for nonlinear optics. New capabilities such as on-chip optical frequency comb generation, ultrafast optical pulse generation and measurement using these materials, and their potential future impact and challenges are covered.