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Analyses of expression profiles from whole blood of 31,684 individuals identify cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) effects for 88% of genes and trans-eQTL effects for 37% of trait-associated variants.

A computational mechanistic viral infection model and trial simulation advocates for adaptation of respiratory disease clinical trials whose chances of success and interpretability are being degraded under COVID-19 pandemic mitigation measures.

ABCB6 has been implicated in dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria, a condition that can present with hearing loss. Here, the authors use zebrafish and mice to perform experiments suggesting that ABCB6 plays a role in inner ear development.

Chou, Lee and Zhu et al. describe a synthetic metabolic pathway for C1 compound utilization using formate, formaldehyde and methanol as substrates.

Spices with antimicrobial effects have been considered to be a Darwinian adaptation to reduce risk of foodborne infection. Bromham et al. analyse more than 30,000 recipes and find that spice use is more strongly associated with socioeconomic factors than infectious disease.

Providing a stable and reliable supply of electrons is crucial for the future of quantum computing processors. Here, electron withdrawing groups are added to species which improve the flow of electrons.

Physical realizations of qubits are often vulnerable to leakage errors, where the system ends up outside the basis used to store quantum information. A leakage removal protocol can suppress the impact of leakage on quantum error-correcting codes.

Intraventricular hemorrhage is one of the most fatal forms of brain injury. It is a common complication in premature infants and has limited treatment options. Here, the authors show that transcranial photostimulation can ameliorate lymphatic removal of blood from the brain of adult and newborn rodents after intraventricular hemorrhage, providing fast recovery and improvement of behavioral outcomes.

CRISPR-TO, a system for programmable control of spatial localization of cellular RNAs, is presented and enables functional investigation of endogenous RNA localization in diverse living cells.

Zhu et al. discover that in human brain there is widespread anatomic distribution of low-frequency somatic, mosaic L1 insertions, using deep whole-genome sequencing of neuronal and glial fractions and machine-learning analysis.

Analysis of mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) by using whole-genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancer samples across 38 cancer types identifies hypermutated mtDNA cases, frequent somatic nuclear transfer of mtDNA and high variability of mtDNA copy number in many cancers.

Efficient, large-scale genomic analysis is facilitated on the cloud by a computational tool with error-diagnosing and self-healing capabilities.

Recently, rich condensed matter physics has emerged from the interplay between band topology and magnetic order. Here, the authors characterize the magnetic Weyl semimetal CeAlGe and find evidence for the role of Weyl fermions in stabilizing the magnetic order above the local transition temperature.

Reduced glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease. Here, Pattaro et al. conduct a meta-analysis to discover several new loci associated with variation in eGFR and find that genes associated with eGFR loci often encode proteins potentially related to kidney development.

High power lasers can produce electron-positron pairs at GeV energies, but doing so through laser–laser collisions would require exceedingly high intensities. Here the authors present an all-optical scheme for pair production by irradiating near-critical-density plasmas with two counter-propagating lasers.

Manipulation of the magnetic state in spin valve structures by superconductivity has now been achieved, opening a new route for the development of ultra-fast cryogenic memories.

Model simulations show that the observed trends in the seasonal amplitude of methane can be attributed to changes in emissions and the atmospheric sink from reaction with the hydroxyl radical.

A comparison of copper and zinc isotopic measurements between the Ryugu samples and various carbonaceous chondrites excludes any genetic link between the two except for the CI (Ivuna-type) chondrites. Ryugu-like material might have accounted for ~5% of Earth’s mass.

Clonal hematopoiesis, often caused by mutations in DNMT3A and TET2, is associated with blood cancer and coronary artery disease. Here, the authors conduct an epigenome-wide association study, finding that clonal hematopoiesis caused by DNMT3A vs. TET2 mutations has directionally opposing changes in DNA methylation profiles, with both promoting stem cell self-renewal.

Two below-threshold surface code memories on superconducting processors markedly reduce logical error rates, achieving high efficiency and real-time decoding, indicating potential for practical large-scale fault-tolerant quantum algorithms.

Gut Bacteroides deploy several polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) to forage diverse dietary and host-derived glycans. Here, the authors identify the RNA-binding protein RbpB and a family of noncoding RNAs as key players in post-transcriptional PUL regulation, further showing that ablation of RbpB in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron compromises colonization in the mouse gut in a diet-dependent manner.

VCP/p97 is identified as a co-factor to the fusion oncoprotein ASPSCR1::TFE3. They co-localize on chromatin, co-dependent for enhancer looping and transcriptional regulation in alveolar soft part sarcomas and Xp11- rearranged renal cell carcinomas.

Hepatitis B virus is an ancient human pathogen that dates back more than 10,000 years. Here, the authors investigate the evolutionary history of the virus in Eastern Eurasia by sequencing 34 genomes dating from approximately 400–5,000 years ago and comparing them with other contemporary sequences.

Combining single-cell RNA-sequencing with high-resolution multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization reveals in detail the cellular interactions and specialization of cardiac cell types that form and remodel the human heart.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

Here the authors show the structures of single-pass transmembrane receptor guanylyl cyclase in both apo and hormone-bound states, advancing our understanding of cross-membrane signaling by single-pass transmembrane receptors.

Analysis of human genotypes and 16S microbiome data of 18,473 individuals from 25 cohorts through a genome-wide association study, a phenome-wide association study and Mendelian randomization identifies host genetic and microbial trait associations.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

A novel magnetized plasma rotator based on Frequency-Variable Faraday Rotation (FVFR) in the nonlinear plasma wake is put forward, which can manipulate efficiently the polarization of relativistic mid to far-infrared optical pulses and even THz waves.

Ji et al. identify an idiopathic generalised epilepsy network that links heterogeneously distributed brain abnormalities to a common brain network and deep brain stimulation sites which reduce generalised seizures.

Difficulties can be encountered when translating research between cells from animals and humans because of gene expression differences. Here the authors perform an integrative transcriptomic analysis from human and mouse neutrophils and identify a core inflammation program shared across inflamed contexts.

Analysis of 97,691 high-coverage human blood DNA-derived whole-genome sequences enabled simultaneous identification of germline and somatic mutations that predispose individuals to clonal expansion of haematopoietic stem cells, indicating that both inherited and acquired mutations are linked to age-related cancers and coronary heart disease.

Cortex morphology varies with age, cognitive function, and in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Here the authors report 160 genome-wide significant associations with thickness, surface area and volume of the total cortex and 34 cortical regions from a GWAS meta-analysis in 22,824 adults.

The authors summarize the data produced by phase III of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project, a resource for better understanding of the human and mouse genomes.

Cross-linking mass spectrometry (XLMS) allows mapping of protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions, but the analysis of protein-DNA complexes remains challenging. Here, the authors develop a UV light-based XLMS workflow to determine protein-DNA interfaces in reconstituted chromatin and isolated nuclei.

Cellulose is synthesized as microfibrils of β-1,4-linked glucan chains arranged in a crystalline lattice. Here Ye et al. use grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering to show that cellulose crystals are preferentially orientated parallel to the plant cell wall, rather than as twisting microfibrils as previously hypothesized.

B cell response and antibody production are generally facilitated by CD4⁺ follicular helper (Tfh) cells. Here the authors identify a subset of CXCR5⁺PD1⁺CD8⁺ Tfh cells that is normally suppressed by STAT5 signaling, so that STAT5 deficiency in mice increases the number of these CD8⁺ Tfh cells and induces concomitant production of autoantibodies.

In this study the authors identify a possible link between the gene FAM222A and brain atrophy. The protein it encodes is found to accumulate in plaques seen in Alzheimer’s disease, and functional analysis suggests it interacts with amyloid-beta.

The interplay between charge density wave states in emerging kagome superconductors is a topic of ongoing debate. Here, the authors unveil the out-of-equilibrium competition between two coexisting charge density waves in CsV₃Sb₅ by harnessing time-resolved X-ray diffraction.

Global riverine carbon export to the ocean may exceed previous estimates, underscoring the important role of riverine carbon to the carbon budget, according to a multi-model ensemble assessment constrained by a global dataset.

Time-resolved X-ray scattering is utilized to demonstrate an ultrafast 300 ps topological phase transition to a skyrmionic phase. This transition is enabled by the formation of a transient topological fluctuation state.

This research reveals a previously unrecognized yet potentially widespread biological pathway of methylmercury detoxification, which may exert important controls on the net production and bioaccumulation of the methylmercury toxin in aquatic food webs.

The extent to which COVID-19 vaccination protects against long COVID is not well understood. Here, the authors use electronic health record data from the United States and find that, for people who received their vaccination prior to infection, vaccination was associated with lower incidence of long COVID.

This genome-wide association study identifies 162 genetic loci linked to income, shedding light on the complex interplay between genetics, income, education and health.

The asteroid Ryugu experienced aqueous alteration under changing temperature and redox conditions, according to an isotopic analysis of secondary calcite and dolomite grains in samples from Ryugu obtained by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft.