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Structural and functional understanding of the afferent inputs to histaminergic neurons remains incomplete and lacks systematic characterization. Herein, the authors establish a comprehensive and precise whole-brain atlas of long-range inputs to mouse histaminergic neurons and investigate the representative upstream histaminergic neural circuits in regulating the sleep-wake cycle.

A stereotaxic atlas of the whole mouse brain, based on a Nissl-stained cytoarchitecture dataset with isotropic 1-μm resolution, achieved through continuous micro-optical sectioning tomography, promises to be a versatile brainsmatics tool for studying the whole brain at single-cell level.

A single-cell multiomic immune cell atlas from 235 Japanese, including patients with COVID-19 and healthy individuals, linked with host genetics including germline and somatic mutation, plasma proteomics and metagenomics data reveals that immune cells are dynamically regulated in a cell state-dependent manner.

Poly(A)-Binding Protein Cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1) is a crucial component of stress granules. Here, the authors show that PABPC1 undergoes SUMOylation in response to cellular stress, enhancing the stability of mitophagy-related gene transcripts to promote cancer cell survival.

Norepinephrine play critical roles in regulating olfactory behaviors, but the precise circuits and mechanisms underlying this function remain unclear. Here, authors show how LC–aPC/OB NAergic pathway regulate odor processing and olfactory discrimination.

Epigenetic and genetic factors have a role in obesity but the role of epigenetics in this disease is unclear. Here, Liet al. investigated global DNA methylation patterns in three breeds of pigs that have different fat contents, providing a resource for the further analysis of differentially methylated gene promoters in obesity.

This study maps the single-axon projections of 7,180 hypothalamic peptidergic neurons in male mice and uncovers extensive collateralization, topographic target innervation and modular intra-hypothalamic organization.

By an alteration of dipoles and a phase transition, the authors find a giant electromechanical strain triggered by the electric current in thin antipolar Ag2Se semiconductor. The strain has inherent flexibility and conductivity.

Hydrogen isotope exchange is essential for the synthesis of deuterium-labeled compounds but remains challenging under mild conditions. This study demonstrates the selective deuteration of alkylarenes at room temperature using atomically dispersed surface barium hydride.

Analysis of the blood DNA virome in patients with COVID-19 and autoimmune disease associates endogenous HHV-6 (eHHV-6) and high anellovirus load with increased disease risk, most notably for systemic lupus erythematosus. eHHV-6 carriers show a distinct immune response.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Sparse labelling and whole-brain imaging are used to reconstruct and classify brain-wide complete morphologies of 1,741 individual neurons in the mouse brain, revealing a dependence on both brain region and transcriptomic profile.

Genetic mechanisms influencing COVID-19 susceptibility are not well understood. Here, the authors analyzed whole blood RNA-seq data of 465 Japanese individuals with COVID-19, highlighting thousands of fine-mapped variants affecting expression and splicing of genes, as well as the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs.

A genome-wide association study highlights a variant in DOCK2, which is common in East Asian populations but rare in Europeans, as a host genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19.

Multi-modal analysis is used to generate a 3D atlas of the upper limb area of the mouse primary motor cortex, providing a framework for future studies of motor control circuitry.

Complex spikes (CSs) driven by inferior olivary neurons have crucial roles in motor control. Wang et al. identified an excitatory pathway from the cerebellar nuclei to the inferior olive that drives rapid feedback CSs and contributes to the fine control of ocular and body movements.

Ruiqiang Li and colleagues report the whole-genome sequencing of a Tibetan female wild boar, as well as resequencing of 48 domestic pigs and wild boar from Tibet and China. Their analysis provides insights into the genetic diversity, population structure and evolution of the wild boar.

HD-fMOST is a microscopy technique for imaging large samples at high throughput and with high definition, which is achieved with a line-illumination modulation approach. The technology is illustrated by imaging fluorescently labeled neurons in whole mouse brains.

The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network has constructed a multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex in a landmark effort towards understanding brain cell-type diversity, neural circuit organization and brain function.

The authors reconstructed the individual projectomes of 6,357 mouse prefrontal cortical projection neurons, revealing projectome-defined neuron subtypes and organizing principles of axon projections and correspondence with transcriptomes.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 73 Japanese patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 75 healthy controls were analyzed using single-cell transcriptomics. Combining these data with genotyping data highlights the interplay between host genetics and the immune response in modulating disease severity.

Short-term memory deficits are associated with prefrontal cortex dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease. Here, the authors assessed extratelencephalic projection (ET) neurons and found reduced ET neural activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and showed ET neurons received fewer cholinergic inputs from the basal forebrain in 5×FAD mice which led to object recognition memory deficits.

By creating nanosized grains and defects in lanthanum trihydride, its electronic conductivity can be suppressed, transforming it into a superionic conductor at −40 °C with a record high H⁻ conductivity.

Resin embedding of specimens is widely used for microscopy but can cause the loss of fluorescence from green-fluorescent protein. Here, the authors show that these proteins can be reactivated in resin-embedded samples through the use of alkaline buffer.

Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) removes methyl groups from mono-methylated and dimethylated lysine 4 of histone H3 and represses transcription. In this study, a role for LSD1 in the regulation of genes involved in energy expenditure in adipocytes is reportedin vitroand in mice fed on a high-fat diet.

High-throughput imaging methods for brain-wide connectome mapping with precise location reference have been lacking. Here authors report a method that allows simultaneous acquisition of fluorescently labelled neurons and cytoarchitectural landmarks in the same mouse brain at the single-cell resolution.

Quantum jitter fundamentally limits the performance of microresonator frequency combs. The timing jitter of the solitons that generate the comb spectra is analysed, reaching the quantum limit and establishing fundamental limits for soliton microcombs.

NeuroGPS-Tree can reconstruct individual neurons from dense populations of fluorescently labeled neurons using computational strategies inspired by the strategies humans use.

Pingxian Wu and Kai Wang et al. perform single-locus and haplotype-based GWAS in Yorkshire pigs to evaluate genetic factors involved in socially affected traits, like feed intake and weight gain. These results indicate several genetic factors that may ultimately be targeted to improve livestock breeding.

We propose a deep self-learning approach driven by optical principles for fast and high-fidelity 3D isotropic resolution restoration for volumetric microscopy.