Search

Lower levels of ω–3 fatty acid–derived resolution mediators have been linked to insulin resistance in obese mice. André Marette and his colleagues now show that treatment of obese mice with a resolution mediator (protectin DX (PDX)) results in IL-6 release from muscle and subsequent improvement in insulin sensitivity. PDX may represent a new class of antidiabetes medication.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Lattice distortion in electrode materials often results in battery degradation. Here, the authors exploit a cooperative Jahn-Teller effect in a MnO2/graphene superlattice to create strain-relieving structures, improving cycling stability in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

The potential use of circulating tumour DNA in classic Hodgkin lymphoma detection, classification and monitoring is defined.

Targeted protein degradation has so far been rarely applied as an antiviral strategy. Here, the authors report that macrocycle-based PROTACs targeting host protein cyclophilin A, exploited during viral infection, show potent and isoform-selective degradation resulting in antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HCV.

More than 200,000 observations of copepods in the North Atlantic between 1960 and 2014 identify northwestward shifts in carbon flux, driven by altered copepod distributions and community structure.

Incorporating evolutionary dynamics into a population model, the authors show that, even though changing ecological conditions are not enough to induce an immediate regime shift in the system, selection-induced evolutionary responses acting on a phenotypic trait may eventually cause a regime shift by pushing it beyond a tipping point after a substantial delay.

The effects of including the chemical industry in the existing Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism of the European Union are unclear. A study finds that the current framework covers only half of key chemical emissions, urging the addition of fossil feedstocks and tougher default rules to boost efficacy.

Standard topological invariants commonly used in static systems are not enough to fully capture the topological properties of Floquet systems. In a periodically driven quantum gas, chiral edge modes emerge despite all Chern numbers being equal to zero.

Controlling and modulating charge transfer dynamics in composite nanostructures, though promising for optoelectronic applications, remains a challenge. Here, the authors report optical control of charge separation and recombination processes in organic semiconductor-based composite nanostructures.

Tumour cells sustain high levels of glycolysis even in presence of oxygen, which is known as the Warburg effect. Here the authors show that MnSOD contributes to the Warburg effect by increasing the levels of H₂O₂released from mitochondria, which sustains glycolysis by activating AMPK.

Self-supervised representation learning on data from imaging mass cytometry can be used to distinguish morphological differences in tumour microenvironments and to precisely characterize distinct microenvironment signatures.

Analysis of the pulse profile of a fast radio burst showed sub-second periodicity, providing evidence for a neutron-star origin of the event and favouring emission arising from the magnetosphere.

Recombination requires DNA break formation by SPO11, following which SPO11 is thought to be released. Here, the authors show that meiotic hotspots retain SPO11 through a recombination intermediate dependent on the methyltransferase PRDM9, and that the ATM kinase governs the release of SPO11.

Molecular simulations informed by experimental data can provide detailed knowledge of complex biomolecular structure. However, it is a challenging task to weight experimental information with respect to the underlying model. A self-adapting type of dynamic particle swarm optimization can tackle the parameter selection problem, which is demonstrated on small-angle X-ray scattering-guided protein simulations.

High-resolution subnational mapping of child growth failure indicators for 105 low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 shows that, despite considerable progress, substantial geographical inequalities still exist in some countries.

Efficient, large-scale genomic analysis is facilitated on the cloud by a computational tool with error-diagnosing and self-healing capabilities.

Trypanosoma brucei mainly relies on translational regulation to adjust gene expression, but details are unclear. Here the authors show that, under stress conditions, tRNA^Thr half level increases, associates with ribosomes and polysomes, and stimulates protein synthesis by facilitating mRNA loading.

Single-cell ATAC/RNA multiomic profiling was used to investigate how oligodendrocyte lineage cells respond across multiple disease stages within a mouse MS model, revealing early activation of immune genes along with oligodendrocyte subtype-specific responses.

Glucocorticoids prescribed to limit inflammation, have significant adverse effects. Here the authors show that co-administration of AZD4017 with prednisolone in men is a potential strategy to limit adverse glucocorticoid effects.

Constructing synthetic prototissues is a challenge in bottom-up synthetic biology. Here, the authors introduce a “lipid foam” tissue mimetic and demonstrate network-wide tension fluctuations upon compartmental encapsulation of actively swimming bacteria.

Cenozoic landscape evolution of southwestern North America remains debated. Here, the authors reconstruct landscape using 4-D numerical models, which can explain extensional collapse and superficial geological record for the Basin and Range Province

Deflection is one of the options discussed for preventing catastrophic collisions of asteroids with Earth. Now, a megajoule-class X-ray pulse is used to simulate such scenarios, demonstrating that it is a viable strategy at higher interceptor energies.

Understanding the microscopic variability of CMOS spin qubits is crucial for developing scalable quantum processors. Here the authors report a combined experimental and numerical study of the effect of interface roughness on variability of quantum dot spin qubits formed at the Si/SiO₂ interface.

Extensive mutational analyses of ferroptosis suppressor protein-1 (FSP1) reveal its molecular mechanism in ferroptosis prevention and uncover the mechanism of action of the FSP1 inhibitor iFSP1 and a new species-independent FSP1 inhibitor, viFSP1.

On-chip, long-distance entanglement of spin qubits in semiconductors could enable connectivity of quantum core units for networked quantum computing. The moving trapping potential of a surface acoustic wave can subsequently displace two entangled spins while preserving entanglement over a separation of 6 μm.

Silicon-based spin qubits are promising candidates for a scalable quantum computer. Here the authors demonstrate the violation of Bell’s inequality in gate-defined quantum dots in silicon, marking a significant advancement that showcases the maturity of this platform.

Electromagnetic responses can reveal the non-trivial properties of topological materials. Here, the authors demonstrate an anomalous planar Hall effect in trigonal crystals associated with the presence of topological nodal lines in trigonal-PtBi₂.

Supervised deep learning models hold promise for the interpretation of histology images, but are limited by cost and quality of training datasets. Here, the authors develop a self-supervised deep learning method that can automatically discover features in cancer histology images that are associated with diagnosis, survival, and molecular phenotypes.

Here, the authors report results from a Phase 1 trial with an AS03-adjuvanted, plant-based virus-like particle displaying the spike protein of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Six months post-second dose, they observe good neutralizing antibody titers and T cell responses to ancestral virus and variants of concern in participants.

A very high-energy muon observed by the KM3NeT experiment in the Mediterranean Sea is evidence for the interaction of an exceptionally high-energy neutrino of cosmic origin.  

Bhattacharjee and Schaeffer et al. map exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in 94 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), finding increased EBF practice and reduced subnational variation across the majority of LMICs from 2000 to 2018. However, only six LMICs will meet WHO’s target of ≥70% EBF by 2030 nationally, and only three will achieve this in all districts.

Biological systems must encode time intervals crucial for tasks like navigation and communication, yet mechanisms for intervals of hundreds of milliseconds to minutes remain unclear. The authors develop a Bayesian framework using neural fatigue and cellular heterogeneity to optimize interval representation, enhancing our understanding of timing memory and its computational roles.

Venus lacks a magnetic field, leading to interactions between the solar wind and its atmosphere. During its Venus fly-by, BepiColombo observed planetary C⁺ and O⁺ escape into space due to this interaction, which is important for understanding atmospheric evolution.

Although progress in the coverage of routine measles vaccination in children in low- and middle-income countries was made during 2000–2019, many countries remain far from the goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019.

A study establishes a scalable approach to engineer and characterize a many-body-localized discrete time crystal phase on a superconducting quantum processor.

Current preclinical models to investigate human HR + breast cancer progression and response to immunotherapy in vivo are limited. Here, the authors demonstrate that mammary tumours driven by a synthetic progestin combined with an oral carcinogen recapitulate several immunobiological features of human HR + breast cancers.