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Experimental demonstration of quantum speedup that scales with the system size is the goal of near-term quantum computing. Here, the authors demonstrate such scaling advantage for a D-Wave quantum annealer over analogous classical algorithms in simulations of frustrated quantum magnets.

Superconducting-qubit quantum annealers have served as platforms for simulating condensed-matter phenomena. Sathe et al. use a quantum annealer to probe critical phenomena in classical magnets by reliably sampling thermal distributions, revealing universal signatures of phase transitions without classical slowdowns.

A nine-year transit-timing campaign has measured the extremely low masses and densities of four large planets orbiting the young star V1298 Tau, which are now predicted to contract and form a typical compact super-Earth and sub-Neptune system.

Plasmas can unlock unconventional reactivity for established catalytic systems, but understanding the resulting mechanistic changes is a complex endeavour. Here in situ characterization techniques allow us to rationalize the promotional role of non-thermal plasma on the catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol on Cu–Zn systems.

A soft robotic probe enables continuous in utero monitoring of fetal physiological parameters, including heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, temperature and electrocardiogram data, during open or fetoscopic surgery to provide real-time information on fetal condition and distress.

Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies 58 independent risk loci for major anxiety disorders among individuals of European ancestry and implicates GABAergic signaling as a potential mechanism underlying genetic risk for these disorders.

Treatment-seeking for fever is widely used to estimate treatment of childhood infections, but cross-country comparisons are problematic. Here, the authors estimate the probability of seeking treatment for fever at public facilities across 29 countries by quantifying person-level latent variables.

The authors present a scalable mass spectral search tool that identifies both known molecules and structural variants by estimating match significance. The method revealed biosynthetic pathways in Streptomyces, expanding the scope of metabolite discovery.

Neural progenitor cell transplantation shows promise for treating spinal cord injury. However, here, the authors show that graft-derived neurons form limited synaptic connections with host spinal motor circuits after injury, constraining functional motor recovery.

Scholl et al. show that PopZ forms filamentous condensates driven by its helical domain and inhibited by its disordered region. Phase-dependent conformations modulate client interactions and disruption of filamentation or condensation impairs cellular function and growth.

Saturation genome editing of a cancer mutation hotspot in CTNNB1, the gene encoding β-catenin, reveals a gradient of effects of missense mutations on Wnt signaling.

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing autologous mRNA-engineered BCMA-targeting CAR T cell therapy versus placebo in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis, a significantly higher percentage of patients exhibited a reduction in disease activity in the treatment arm than in the placebo arm.

A comparative analysis of trait data combined with a mathematical model suggests that dietary specialization drives selection towards the smallest and largest body sizes in terrestrial mammals, as generalists outcompete specialists at intermediate sizes.

In statistical physics, systems usually become disordered at high temperatures, but some exhibit entropic order when heated, where one type of ordering enables greater fluctuations in another. Here the authors show how this type of order can persist to arbitrarily high temperature in simple classical and quantum many-body models.

The growth of single-crystal Prussian blue analogues and their analysis using X-ray diffuse scattering reveals diverse, non-random vacancy arrangements and information about the micropore-network characteristics of these materials.

Fine-scale field analysis and modelling of the spatial dynamics of infection of Darwin’s frogs with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis fungus identifies highly localized transmission dynamics that generate clustered epidemics and can drive collapse of local subpopulations.

In this work, an exotic nuclear decay in one dimension is simulated using IonQ trapped-ion quantum computers. The coherent evolution of many decay channels is classically hard and quantum simulation of these processes may impact future searches for new physics.

Kinetic sorption and transformation are primary controls on organic carbon preservation in marine sediments, according to reactive transport model simulations of the cycling and breakdown of particulate and mineral-phase organic carbon.

Kinematic measurements of the Perseus galaxy cluster reveal two drivers of gas motions: a small-scale driver in the inner core associated with black-hole feedback and a large-scale driver in the outer core powered by mergers.

This work presents a fully implantable wireless optogenetic device that delivers spatiotemporally patterned cortical stimulation through the skull and generates artificial perception in mice.

The authors report on a determination of the momentum transferred to an asteroid by kinetic impact, showing that the DART kinetic impact was highly effective in deflecting the asteroid Dimorphos.

ABC-type heterotrimeric proteins can be designed de novo using coiled coils and helical bundles as starting scaffolds, extended using helical repeat proteins and then used as building blocks for higher-order oligomeric assemblies.

Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant global health threat, necessitating swift and precise diagnostic solutions. Here, the authors introduce a culture-free diagnostic platform integrating microfluidic cell enrichment, single-cell Raman spectroscopy, and deep learning, that identifies bacterial and fungal infections directly from clinical samples within 20 minutes.

Parallel operation of two exchange-only qubits consisting of six quantum dots arranged linearly is shown to be achievable and maintains qubit control quality compared with sequential operation, with potential for use in scaled quantum computing.

The oncogenic potential of interfollicular stem and progenitor cells in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) remains poorly understood. Here, the authors modelled rapidly growing cSCC driven by the hyperactivation of the MAPK signalling pathway in mice and showed that SOX2 overexpression renders progenitor cells prone to transformation.

Energy–structure–function maps that describe the possible structures and properties of molecular crystals are developed, and these maps are used to guide the experimental discovery of porous materials with specific functions.

Coordinated X-ray and radio observations reveal that disk winds and jets occur mutually exclusively in 4U 1630–472, providing new observational constraints on the interplay between different modes of outflow in X-ray binaries.

Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission impact on asteroid Dimophos resulted in an elliptical ejecta plume. Here, the authors show that this elliptical ejecta is due to the curvature of the asteroid and makes kinetic momentum transfer less efficient.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Hydrogen exchange–mass spectrometry (HX–MS) is used to qualitatively assess how perturbations such as mutations and ligand binding impact protein ensembles. However, in theory, HX–MS data contain the information necessary to derive residue-level energies of local unfolding (ΔG_op). Now, a method called PIGEON-FEATHER has been developed, which can unambiguously determine residue-level ΔG_op from conventional HX–MS datasets.

A porous organic-cage molecule is shown to exhibit unprecedented performance for the separation of rare gases, with selectivity arising from a precise size match between the rare gas and the organic-cage cavity.

Closed timelike curves are solutions to the equations of general relativity that permit the possibility of time travel. Ringbauer et al.experimentally emulate the quantum equivalent of these solutions to explore the nature of such phenomena, their implications and relationship to quantum mechanics.

2023 CX1 is the only L-chondrite-like asteroid analysed from space to ground. It catastrophically fragmented in the atmosphere, depositing 98% of its energy in one burst—an unusual, high-risk fragmentation mode with implications for planetary defence.

Experimental measurements of high-order out-of-time-order correlators on a superconducting quantum processor show that these correlators remain highly sensitive to the quantum many-body dynamics in quantum computers at long timescales.

This study presents a nuclear magnetic resonance-based method to determine local structure and bonding of Pt single-atom catalysts.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

Oxygen in shallow shelf waters rose linearly with atmospheric oxygen in the Neoproterozoic era, potentially driving the first radiation of marine animals, but widespread ocean oxygenation came later, according to reconstructions of oxygen levels and marine productivity.

In a series of clinically relevant tasks in computational pathology, AI-driven models display marked performance disparities across demographic groups, which can only partially be mitigated by self-supervision on large training datasets and existing debiasing techniques.

A three-step staircase avalanche diode was demonstrated and pre-cited gain scaling was confirmed. The technology may be considered as a solid-state analogue to the photomultiplier tube.

By carefully dispersing small amounts of Ir into the RuO₂ lattice, a Ru₆IrOₓ catalyst reduces Ir usage by 80% while still running stably for over 1,500 h at 2 A cm⁻² in both laboratory- and industrial-scale proton-exchange membrane water electrolysers.

Virtual optical waveguide can be potentially utilised in variety of applications that require in situ light steering yet the efficacy is still unclear. Here, the authors show that ultrasonically-sculpted virtual gradient-index waveguides are effective in guiding and confining light inside tissue and other scattering media, and significantly outperform external lenses at this task.