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This study quantifies heat exposure and its impact on construction worker productivity in Taiwan. It finds that heat stress in the labor-intensive construction sector carries a substantial economic burden.

Little is known about how climate change impacts glacier-fed streams (GFSs) microbiomes. Here, using a modelling framework based on global GFS metagenomic, climatic and environmental data the authors predict future increases in GFS bacterial biomass and diversity, but potential loss of clades adapted to extreme conditions.

This study analyzed data on 793 cities to see how the COVID-19 pandemic affected their climate commitment and actions. It found that although climate actions persist, funding has fallen and less than half of the cities implemented green recovery initiatives.

Using a sample of more than 1 million individuals, Hatoum et al. identify genomic loci associated with general and substance-specific addiction risk.

Analysis of species distribution models in a pan-African database comprising chronometrically dated archaeological sites over the past 120,000 years shows major expansion in the human niche from 70 ka, driven by adaptation to diverse habitats.

The analysis of pairs of identical SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences enables characterization of transmission patterns between geographies and age groups.

This study examines the impact of herbivorous insects on biogeochemical cycling within forests. From a global network of 74 plots within 40 mature, undisturbed broadleaved forests, they show that background levels of insect herbivory are sufficiently large to alter both ecosystem element cycling and influence terrestrial carbon cycling.

Zymoseptoria tritici is an important fungal pathogen of wheat which has spread globally. Here, the authors perform genomic analyses on a collection of ~1100 Z. tritici samples from 42 countries to describe its global spread and elucidate mechanisms of adaptation to different environmental conditions.

The authors combine field data with models of coastal geomorphology and bird behaviour and dynamics to understand the impact of sea-level rise on shorebird populations. They show that habitat quality is already declining and that the current focus on habitat quantity loss can underestimate threats.

The ability to cope with environmental variability is thought to be a major driver of brain-size evolution. Here, the authors show that cognitive capacity in birds may instead have pre-dated and facilitated the colonization of variable habitats.

Genetic adaptation and physiological acclimation can potentially buffer species against climate change. Here, the authors perform a long-term warming experiment of Antarctic encrusting communities and show that focal animal species failed to acclimate and lacked genetic variation in tolerance to warming.

Roland et al. report the results of a randomized, non-comparative phase 2 trial of neoadjuvant nivolumab or a combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab in patients with resectable retroperitoneal dedifferentiated liposarcoma and extremity/truncal undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma.

IL-10 production by B cells is integral to regulation and resolution of inflammation. Here the authors show that cholesterol metabolism can control B cell IL-10 production via a geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate-dependent mechanism.

Characterization of the polysaccharide utilization loci from two Bacteroides species from the human gut microbiota define biochemical and structural features underlying the catabolism of a hybrid algal polysaccharide found in edible seaweed.

Mendenhall et al. use a locally constructed measure of stress and a mixed-methods approach to investigate a syndemic in Soweto, South Africa. Stress interacted with multiple morbidities to reduce quality of life, conditioned by illness experiences.

Understanding how cells dynamically adapt to their environment is important, but temporal information about cellular behaviour is often limited. Here, Miano et al. apply unsupervised machine learning to a dataset describing the activity of over 1,800 promoters in E. coli, measured every 10 minutes, defining three primary stages of promoter activation in response to heavy metal stress.

Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data across 2,658 tumors spanning 38 cancer types shows that chromothripsis is pervasive, with a frequency of more than 50% in several cancer types, contributing to oncogene amplification, gene inactivation and cancer genome evolution.

Identifying biomarkers associated with risk of severe COVID-19 disease could inform clinical management. Here, the authors identify a long noncoding RNA associated with severe disease using data from three European countries, and validate their finding in data from Canada.

Cells trigger an unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum, but its regulation by mitochondria is unclear. Here, the authors report a 54-residue microprotein PIGBOS that participates in inter-organelle contact between the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria and may regulate UPR.

Generating and controlling cell collective behavior is important for synthetic biology and bioproduction. Here, the authors show the diversification dynamic and the fitness cost associated with cell switching are coupled in yeast and bacteria, and demonstrate the feasibility of controlling diversification regimes.

Invasive species are a leading driver of global biodiversity loss. Here, the authors show that the process of invasion itself can promote behavioral changes important to the success of widespread invaders, with implications for understanding the effects of alien species on invaded communities.

Analysis of mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) by using whole-genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancer samples across 38 cancer types identifies hypermutated mtDNA cases, frequent somatic nuclear transfer of mtDNA and high variability of mtDNA copy number in many cancers.

Analysis of genomic data from 25 distantly related plant species shows signatures of selection on the same gene families and functions that repeatedly contributed to local adaptation to climate.

Non-homologous crossovers impair correct chromosome segregation in allopolyploids. Here the authors show that most non-homologous crossovers in Brassica napus arise from MSH4-dependent recombination and provide evidence that post-polyploidization reduction of MSH4 duplicate stabilizes meiosis.

Tavernier et al. show that loss of the protective IRE1–XBP1 stress sensor results in the death of conventional dendritic cells in the lung, whereas those in the intestine survive due to a stronger ATF4-dependent stress response and RIDD activation.

Soils from 30 grasslands across Europe were subjected to 4 contrasting extreme climatic events under drought, flood, freezing and heat conditions, with the results suggesting that soil microbiomes from different climates share unified responses to extreme climatic events.

Humans that reach high altitude soon after the first ascent show faster adaptation to hypoxia. Songet al. show that this adaptive response relies on decreased red blood cell uptake of plasma adenosine due to reduced levels of nucleoside transporter ENT1 resulting from coordinated adenosine generation by ectonucleotidase CD73 and activation of A2B receptors.

The authors link water and electricity system models to evaluate how the electric grid can both adapt to climate change impacts and decarbonize, while also accounting for dependencies and climate vulnerabilities of the closely coupled water sector.

High-yield farming systems have the potential to spare non-farmed land for other uses (such as nature conservation), but raise concerns about their other environmental impacts (such as greenhouse gas emissions and soil erosion). This study argues such impacts should be measured per unit of production and shows that viewed this way, some land-efficient systems have less impact than lower-yielding alternatives.

E1E2 spike on the hepatitis C virion is an important target for vaccine design. Here, the authors permute the subunits to generate E2E1 immunogens and show that mosaic nanoparticles displaying different E2E1 antigens elicit cross-neutralizing antibodies in rabbits.

An integrated transcriptome, genome, methylome and proteome analysis of over 200 lung adenocarcinomas reveals high rates of somatic mutations, 18 statistically significantly mutated genes including RIT1 and MGA, splicing changes, and alterations in MAPK and PI(3)K pathway activity.

Polar microalgae have high zinc demand. Here, the authors use quantitative proteomics and transcriptomics of polar and non-polar model algae combined with cellular physiology to show that zinc plays an important role in supporting photosynthetic growth in eukaryotic polar phytoplankton.

Confining plasma and managing disruptions in tokamak devices is a challenge. Here the authors demonstrate a method predicting and possibly preventing disruptions and macroscopic instabilities in tokamak plasma using data from JET.

The evolutionary relationship between mitochondria and their closest bacterial relatives remains uncertain. Applying a new model of protein evolution to an extended dataset, the authors reconstruct the phylogenetic position of the mitochondria as sister to the Alphaproteobacteria.

Understanding why many species ranges are contracting while others are stable or expanding is important to inform conservation in an increasingly human-modified world. Here, Pacifici and colleagues investigate changes in the ranges of 204 mammals, showing that human factors mostly explain range contractions while life history explains both contraction and expansion.

‘Macroevolution posed difficulties for Darwin and later theorists because species frequently change abruptly, or experience long periods of stasis, both counter to the theory of incremental change or gradualism. Here, the authors propose a macroevolutionary statistical model that accommodates this uneven evolutionary landscape, and shows how even abrupt macroevolutionary changes are compatible with gradualist microevolutionary processes.’

Copy number variations inferred from spatial transcriptomics data in benign and malignant tissue reveal clonal architecture at the organ-wide level.

Efficient, large-scale genomic analysis is facilitated on the cloud by a computational tool with error-diagnosing and self-healing capabilities.

Analysis of genetic variation underlying an antipredator morphological defence in Daphnia pulex shows that stabilizing selection operates on this plastic trait.

Patients with chronic lung disease (CLD) have an increased risk for severe coronavirus disease-19 and poor outcomes. Here the authors compare the transcriptomes of single cells isolated from healthy and CLD lungs to identify molecular characteristics of lung cells that may account for worse COVID-19 outcomes in these patients.

The REACT-1 study measures the community prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in England through repeated cross-sectional surveys. Here, the authors present data from REACT-1 that document the increase in infection prevalence, particularly among children, associated with the Omicron variant in January 2022.

The polar diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus can circumvent limited chlorophyll-based photosynthesis by using a rhodopsin proton pump to fuel growth.

The chromatin remodeler Chd1 mediates hypertranscription in embryonic stem (ES) cells and has been shown to associate with genes transcribed by RNA Polymerase (Pol) I and II. Here the authors provide mechanistic insights into this process and reveal that Chd1 is involved in protecting genome integrity at promoter regions by preventing DNA break accumulation.

Responses of agriculture and fisheries to climate change are interlinked, yet rarely studied together. Here, the authors analyse more than 3000 households from 5 tropical countries and forecast mid-century climate change impacts, finding that communities with higher fishery dependence and lower socioeconomic status communities face greater losses.