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A variant of MHC class I is protective against severe malaria disease and enriched in affected African populations. Here, Wroblewski et al., characterise the consequences of malaria infection in wild bonobo populations showing that the presence of malaria drives a similar evolution in immune genes.

This study uses gene expression predictors for the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and other brain regions to perform a transcriptomic imputation analysis of schizophrenia, identifying 413 genic associations across 13 brain regions and 36 significantly enriched pathways.

Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 is engineered as an antitumour vaccination platform optimized for enhanced production and cytosolic delivery of neoepitope-containing peptide arrays to safely induce specific, effective and durable systemic antitumour immunity.

A pediatric cancer dependency map generated with genome-scale CRISPR–Cas9 loss-of-function screens in 82 pediatric cancer cell lines highlights genetic dependencies across a range of tumor types.

Solid-state NMR snapshots of Aspergillus sydowii and other halophilic fungal species reveal the structural rearrangement of polysaccharides and proteins, which create a thick, stiff and hydrophobic cell wall to withstand external stress and thrive in hypersaline environment

The roughness factor of an electrode has been generally used to increase total rates of production, though rarely as a means to improve selectivity. Now, Jaramillo, Hahn and co-workers direct the selectivity of CO reduction to multicarbon oxygenates at low overpotentials by increasing the roughness factor of nanostructured Cu electrodes.

Defects in silicon carbide represent a viable candidate for realization of spin qubits. Here, the authors show stable bidirectional charge state conversion for the silicon vacancy and divacancy, improving the photoluminescence intensity by up to three orders of magnitude with no effect on spin coherence.

The original Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) is expanded with deeper characterization of over 1,000 cell lines, including genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data, and integration with drug-sensitivity and gene-dependency data.

Analyses of metagenome-resolved genomes from humans and primate species reveal significant co-diversification of bacterial gut symbionts, which are becoming extinct from human populations.

Researchers describe a mechanism capable of compressing fast and intense X-ray pulses through the rapid loss of crystalline periodicity. It is hoped that this concept, combined with X-ray free-electron laser technology, will allow scientists to obtain structural information at atomic resolutions.

Analysis of the genomes of 50 species of Lemuriformes shows high levels of genomic diversity, likely due to allele sharing, as well as population declines and inbreeding patterns resulting from ecological factors and human impacts in Madagascar.

The X-ray crystal structure of the potassium channel TASK-1 reveals the presence of an X-gate, which traps small-molecule inhibitors in the intramembrane vestibule and explains their low washout rates from the channel.

A genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia identifies genetic drivers and molecular subtypes associated with clinical outcomes.

Bulk RNA sequencing of organs and plasma proteomics at different ages across the mouse lifespan is integrated with data from the Tabula Muris Senis, a transcriptomic atlas of ageing mouse tissues, to describe organ-specific changes in gene expression during ageing.

Complementary genomic features associated with pathway activation, gene dependency and drug sensitivity are uncovered using REVEALER.

Heart failure is a complex syndrome that is associated with many different underlying risk factors. Here, to increase power, the authors jointly analyse cases of heart failure of different aetiologies in a genome-wide association study and identify 11 loci of which ten had not been previously reported.

Targeted delivery to the lower regions of the lung is necessary for the treatment of parenchymal lung injury and disease but is challenging. Here, the authors develop an mRNA delivery platform to treat acute lung injury in mice and demonstrate that it can reach the lower regions of the lung.

The genomic sequences of 12 Drosophila species for conserved elements and describe the relationship between conservation and function for many specific sequence motifs.

Receptor tyrosine kinases are key mediators of cell proliferation that have been implicated in several disease states for which they represent promising drug targets. Here the authors determine the thermodynamic basis for the low propensity of FGFR1 to access the DFG-Phe-out conformation required to bind type-II inhibitors.

It is challenging to treat emerging organic contaminants such as pharmaceutical compounds. Using the proposed plant-based zirconium–ellagate framework, this study demonstrates high removal efficiencies of emerging organic contaminants from real untampered municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent.

A method called vessel isolation and nuclei extraction for sequencing (VINE-seq) produces a molecular map of vascular and perivascular cell types in the human brain and reveals their contributions to Alzheimer’s disease risk.

Serological analysis and infection outcomes of participants in the multi-center, prospectively enrolled OCTAVE cohort, comprising 2,686 participants with immune-suppressive diseases who recieved two COVID-19 vaccines, reveals specific clinical phenotypes that might benefit from specific COVID-19 therapeutic strategies.

Plasma from voluntarily running mice reduces baseline expression of neuroinflammatory genes and experimentally induced brain inflammation when infused into sedentary mice.

The functional impact of somatic mutations in cancer genes is determined by pooled Perturb-seq.

A highly selective inhibitor of the DCLK1/2 kinases is used to uncover the consequences of DCLK1 inhibition on viability, phosphosignaling and the transcriptome in patient-derived organoid models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

The CommonMind Consortium sequenced RNA from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia (N = 258) and control subjects (N = 279), creating a resource of gene expression and its genetic regulation. Using this resource, they found that ∼20% of schizophrenia loci have variants that may contribute to altered gene expression and liability.

Mutations inactivating ARID1A, a subunit of the chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF complex, have been identified in some human cancers. This study reveals that cancer cells with mutated ARID1A are dependent on the residual activity of the complex for proliferation and that even if concomitant alterations in the ARID1A homolog ARID1B can occur, loss of ARID1B activity confers a specific vulnerability to ARID1A-mutant cells that may in the future be explored for targeting purposes.

An international consortium reports the genomic sequence for ten Drosophila species, and compares them to two other previously published Drosophila species. These data are invaluable for drawing evolutionary conclusions across an entire phylogeny of species at once.

Single-nucleus transcriptomes of frontal cortex and choroid plexus samples from patients with COVID-19 reveal pathological cell states that are similar to those associated with human neurodegenerative diseases and chronic brain disorders.

An adult infected with HIV-1 who underwent allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for Hodgkin’s lymphoma using cells from a CCR5Δ32/Δ32 donor achieved full remission of HIV-1 for 18 months after transplantation and 16 months after cessation of antiretroviral therapy.

Genome wide association studies in cancer are used to understand the heritable genetic contribution to disease risk. Here, the authors perform a genome wide association study in European patients with acute myeloid leukemia and identify loci associated with risk of developing the disease.

The genome of the gibbon, a tree-dwelling ape from Asia positioned between Old World monkeys and the great apes, is presented, providing insights into the evolutionary history of gibbon species and their accelerated karyotypes, as well as evidence for selection of genes such as those for forelimb development and connective tissue that may be important for locomotion through trees.

Most of the energy harvesting principles are realized in heated-continuously systems. Here, the authors present a concept of high-frequency energy harvesting where the dissipated heat in a sample excites resonant magnons in a ferromagnetic metal layer.

In oxygen-redox intercalation cathodes, voltage hysteresis can be avoided by forming cathode materials with a ‘ribbon’ superstructure in the transition metal layers that suppresses transition metal migration.

The determination of whether cancer cell lines recapitulate the molecular features of corresponding patient tumours remains essential for the selection of appropriate cell line models for preclinical studies. The method developed here, Celligner, integrates cancer cell line and tumour RNA-seq datasets and reveals large differences in their concordance across cell lines and cancer types.

Plasmodium vivax, the leading cause of human malaria in Asia and Latin America, is thought to have an Asian origin. Here, the authors show that wild chimpanzees and gorillas in Africa are infected with parasites that are closely related to P. vivax, indicating an African origin for this species.

Genome-wide association analyses of magnetic resonance imaging data describe the genetic architecture of 13 cortical phenotypes at both global and regional levels, implicating neurodevelopmental and constrained genes.

Andrew Foote and colleagues report the whole-genome sequences and de novo assemblies of three marine mammal species—the walrus, killer whale and manatee—and an improved bottlenose dolphin genome. Their comparative genomic analysis finds evidence of parallel evolution across the marine mammal genomes.

A transcriptomics study demonstrates cell-type-specific responses to differentially aged blood and shows young blood to have restorative and rejuvenating effects that may be invoked through enhanced mitochondrial function.

Observations from the Lucy spacecraft of the small main-belt asteroid (152830) Dinkinesh reveals unexpected complexity, with a longitudinal trough and equatorial ridge, as well as the discovery of the first contact binary satellite.

This is one of two papers demonstrating that in several cancer types including ovarian cancer and T-cell leukaemias, the apoptosis regulator MCL1 is targeted for degradation by the FBW7 tumour suppressor. This study finds that this mechanism can determine the response to drugs targeting BCL2 family apoptosis factors. Deletion or mutation of FBW7 found in cancer patients therefore can render tumours resistant to these therapies.

Universal quantum logic operations with fidelity exceeding 99%, approaching the threshold of fault tolerance, are realized in a scalable silicon device comprising an electron and two phosphorus nuclei, and a fidelity of 92.5% is obtained for a three-qubit entangled state.