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The ZFTA–RELA fusion, an oncogene for ependymomas, promotes the production of itaconate, and its dependence on this metabolite represents a new therapeutic target for this cancer.

Generative large language models (for example, ChatGPT and Claude) were used to score Big-Five traits from open-ended thoughts and video diaries. Large language model scores aligned with self-reports and predicted behaviour, showing personality’s expression in everyday language.

Ancient DNA reveals how the explosive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists began with a small community north of the Black Sea speaking ancestral Indo-European, and detects genetic links with Anatolian speakers, stemming from a common Indo-Anatolian homeland in the North Caucasus–lower Volga region.

Genome-wide association analyses using data from 19 biobanks identify variants influencing risk of thyroid diseases and yield polygenic risk scores associated with features of aggressive thyroid cancer.

Our annual survey highlights startups tackling intractable viruses with new vaccine design, engineering a reliable source of platelets, universalizing cell therapies, improving cancer screening, developing RNA-editing platforms and targeting protein–RNA interactions. Michael Eisenstein, Ken Garber, Caroline Seydel and Laura DeFrancesco report.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Nature Biotechnology’s annual survey highlights academic startups that are, among other things, designing circular RNA therapeutics, tackling cancer with arenaviruses, creating psychedelics without the trip, editing genes and cells in vivo, harnessing the power of autoantibodies and editing the epigenome.

Bladder preservation for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer has the potential to offer a quality-of-life advantage, but owing to the lack of randomized trials oncological equivalence to surgery has not been demonstrated. A new article provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of this procedure, but raises timely and important questions.

Our annual survey highlights how immune-oncology and screens based on the application of cutting-edge omics technologies are providing a launchpad for a succession of startups interrogating biology across biomedicine.

Our annual survey highlights startups taking on gene therapy, adoptive immune cell therapy, gene editing, and drugs targeting RNA modifications and the unfolded protein response. Ken Garber, Esther Landhuis, Melanie Senior, Cormac Sheridan and Laura DeFrancesco report.

Whole-genome sequencing analysis of 81 prehistoric individuals reveals how the genetic makeup of people from the North Pontic region was influenced by waves of migration during the Eneolithic period and Early Bronze Age.

Nature Biotechnology’s annual survey highlights university startups that are, among other things, rethinking how to deliver gene-editing therapy and tackling various metabolic conditions, immune disorders and cancer with microbiome treatments or immunotherapy. Michael Eisenstein, Ken Garber, Esther Landhuis, Caroline Seydel and Laura DeFrancesco report.

Self-reported emissions data are widely used to evaluate corporations’ climate performance, yet concerns exist regarding their credibility. By examining major US companies, researchers find that more than half of them revise, and mainly understate, their emissions data after first report.

Koina is an open-source, online platform that simplifies access to machine learning models in proteomics, enabling easier integration into analysis tools and helping researchers adopt and reuse ML models more efficiently.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Survey data collected across ten low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa and South America compared with surveys from Russia and the United States reveal heterogeneity in vaccine confidence in LMICs, with healthcare providers being trusted sources of information, as well as greater levels of vaccine acceptance in these countries than in Russia and the United States.

Researchers reveal mechanisms underlying non-Arrhenius temperature scaling of early embryonic cell cycle timing, using modeling, cross-species data, and reconstituted oscillations in frog egg extract.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

JWST observations of the ultra hot Jupiter WASP 121 b reveal helium escaping for most of its orbit, forming two giant tails moving in opposite directions. The results show how stellar radiation modifies planetary atmospheres.

Activity in a set of parabranchial neurons in the mouse brain is increased during chronic pain, predicts coping behaviour, and can be modulated by circuits activated by survival threats.

Kim and colleagues perform a phase 2 clinical trial (ELM-2) of odronextamab monotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma and report on the primary analyses of the efficacy and safety profile.

The Gulf Stream provides a sub-surface horizontal flux carrying high concentrations of nutrients and low concentrations of anthropogenic carbon affecting the subpolar North Atlantic carbon, according to data analyses, model and adjoint simulations.

Widely cited studies have claimed that musical training is associated with enhanced neural encoding for sound at early stages of the auditory system. Results from this large-scale multisite study do not support this earlier claim.

This study reveals how distal DNA ‘switches’ control gene activity in human astrocytes. Using CRISPRi screens and single-cell RNA-seq, we map enhancer–gene links, highlight Alzheimer’s disease-related targets and introduce a model that predicts additional regulatory interactions.

Pan et al. find that regional glutamine deficiency in melanoma tumours induces tumour cell dedifferentiation and confers therapeutic resistance through histone methylation changes.

By optimizing the timing of electricity purchases for electric vehicle (EV) charging at home, as well as shifting electricity purchases for other household loads, US EV owners could reduce their lifetime charging costs by 40–90%, and lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions from household electricity use by 70–250%. Integrating EVs with homes can increase the greenhouse gas reductions they deliver, while reducing the cost of EV ownership.

Each year, Nature Biotechnology highlights companies that received sizeable early-stage funding in the previous year. Firefly Bio seeks to improve on antibody–drug conjugates and proteolysis-targeting chimeras by combining them as degrader–antibody conjugates.

In this work, we introduce programmable memory elements embedded within III-V/Si light sources which facilitate non-volatile wavelength tuning for fast memory search and in-memory computing functions.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Simulation of naturalistic driving environment for autonomous vehicle development is challenging due to its complexity and high dimensionality. The authors develop a deep learning-based framework to model driving behavior including safety-critical events for improved training of autonomous vehicles.

It is essential to improve our understanding of the features that influence aggressiveness and invasion in high grade gliomas (HGG). Here, the authors characterize dynamic anatomical structures in HGG called oncostreams, which are associated with tumor growth and are regulated by COL1A1.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Helping decisions across 100 real-life scenarios were modeled as a socioemotional cost-benefit tradeoff combined with an individual helping bias. Model parameters varied systematically with empathy, agreeableness, and punishment sensitivity.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

Leveraging multiple datasets (surveys, web search trends and mobility), Huang et al. document how anti-Chinese rhetoric led to blame sentiment and consumer discrimination against Asian American businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Concentration-discharge relationships for dissolved carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in Gulf of Alaska rivers are driven by glacier catchment coverage, according to analysis of water samples from the Gulf of Alaska.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

A compact ternary content-addressable memory cell, which is based on two ferroelectric field-effect transistors, can provide memory augmented neural networks with improved energy and latency performance compared with traditional approaches based on graphics processing units.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.