The role of biomarkers in the management of patients with acute heart failure (HF) has evolved rapidly in the past several years to meet the need for earlier diagnosis, better risk stratification, and cost-effective treatment. In this state-of-the-art Review, Drs Maisel and Choudhary provide an update on biomarkers used for the diagnosis and management of patients with acute HF, as well as non-HF markers indicative of damage to the organs and systems most-commonly affected by HF.
- Alan S. Maisel
- Rajiv Choudhary
