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MnBi₂Te₄ has an appealing combination of topological bands and magnetic ordering. While chemical doping with Sb can be used to tune these properties, it typically comes with an increase in defect density. Here, Chen, Wang, Li, Duan, and coauthors demonstrate a defect engineering approach that preserves the topological and magnetic properties of Mn(Bi_1-xSb_x)₂Te₄.

Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (ecDNAs) are prevalent in human cancers and are thought to drive tumor evolution and drug resistance by amplifying oncogenes. Here, authors develop ec3D to reconstruct three-dimensional ecDNA structures, revealing how their spatial organization rewires regulatory circuits.

Cell-to-cell variability limits efficient microbial production. Here, the authors track single cells to reveal enzyme noise as the main source of bioproduction variation, and by coupling growth to pathway performance, they selectively enrich high producers and substantially boost overall titres.

Gapless modes emerging from non-equilibrium phase transitions are predicted to diffuse rather than propagate as sound waves. Now, the diffusion of these modes and their suppression under symmetry breaking are confirmed in a polariton condensate.

Fluorescence microscopy during CryoFIB milling produces an interferogram that can be used to direct lamella production to labeled structures with accuracy beyond the axial diffraction limit. The approach relies only on real-time feedback from the structure, requiring no image registration.

GALRs, receptors for the neuropeptide galanin, have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel disease. Here the authors report that GAL53, a long galanin peptide derived from non-mammalian vertebrates, alleviates induced colitis in preclinical models by engaging GALR2 and activating the β-arrestin2-biased signalling pathway.

Non-Abelian topological charges and edge states in a PT-symmetric transmission line network are experimentally observed, and a non-Abelian quotient relation for the bulk–edge correspondence is found.

In this work, authors present their goal-directed subgroup identification (GD-SI) framework, reconciling biological heterogeneity with clinical actionability, and offering a scalable infrastructure for precision trial design and personalized sepsis management.

The distinct architecture of the Escherichia coli membrane transporter LetA mediates lipid trafficking across the bacterial envelope in partnership with the tunnel-like complex LetB.

In this study, authors employ fragment-based lead discovery to identify WRN inhibitors. The fragment hits reveal an additional allosteric pocket and uncover a previously uncharacterized structural conformation of the WRN helicase domain with unique orientations of the ATPase domains

This Primer introduces hyperspectral imaging (HSI) through a concise, imaging-centric perspective, linking sensor platforms, data types and representative datasets across application domains. It highlights how platform characteristics shape data properties and downstream analysis, providing a unified reference for understanding and comparing HSI systems and data.

LRBA deficiency is associated with autoimmune disease and CTLA4 loss; this study identifies LRBA as a negative regulator of antitumor immunity and introduces LC427 as a promising small-molecule inhibitor of the CTLA4-LRBA interaction for cancer immunotherapy.

Ru_0.6Cu₁(Cu⁰–Cu¹⁺)/CeO₂ catalyst converts CO₂-to-fuels via artificial photosynthesis, overcoming O₂ poisoning and sluggish C₂ yield through photothermal interface reconstruction. It achieves 74.3% selectivity for C₂H₄ with 0.5% solar efficiency.

A protein biomarker, the NOTCH3 extracellular domain, identifies individuals with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, correlates with disease progression, improves mortality risk prediction and provides a readily implementable, noninvasive blood test for this disease.

Using data from the CoVPN 3008 study, the authors show that the neutralizing antibody correlate of risk holds in people living with HIV. However, the nAb correlate was weaker and shorter-lived in a vaccine-immunity versus hybrid-immunity population.

This work identifies ERECTA–EPFL genes as major regulators of maize meristem activity and the development of maize shoots and ears. The findings highlight genetic targets that influence kernel row number and plant architecture to increase maize yield.

In this study, the authors present an fMRI‑based signature of corticospinal connections, which predicts individual pain sensitivity, generalizes to patient cohorts, and tracks changes after brain stimulation, suggesting a biomarker to guide personalized pain care.

Differential isoform usage is identified with high statistical power from spatial transcriptomics data.

Kozai, Fernandez-Martinez et al. use high-speed atomic force microscopy to study the permeability barrier of yeast nuclear pore complexes. They show that karyopherins remodel a central plug that shapes barrier dynamics and disorder within the pore.

Glioblastoma is characterised by high levels of intratumoural heterogeneity and plasticity, hindering treatment. Here, the authors develop an analytical framework, scFOCAL, to predict the sensitivity of glioblastoma cell subpopulations to therapies based on reversal of disease transcriptional signatures to identify synergistic therapeutic combinations.

Researchers studied the blood-based metabolome of over 23,000 people from ten ethnically diverse cohorts. They identified 235 metabolites associated with future risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). By integrating genetic and modifiable lifestyle factors, their findings provide insights into T2D mechanisms and could improve risk prediction and inform precision prevention.

Optical heterostructures have potential in integrated photonics and optoelectronics but are challenging to prepare in single-component systems. Here, the authors report an intrinsic optical heterostructure in an organic nanosheet, with enhanced fluorescence in an inner zone.

FACED 2.0 builds on and expands the capabilities of the free-space angular-chirp-enhanced delay microscopy approach. Its high speed, large field of view and volumetric coverage enable two-photon voltage imaging of hundreds of neurons or calcium imaging of thousands of neurons in the mouse or zebrafish brain.

This work introduces synthetic gain to electron-beam spectroscopy, greatly enhancing spectral resolution and revealing hidden features, enabling advances in nanoscale analysis and free electron-based quantum optics under challenging signal conditions.

A modular nanobody-based approach assembles combination vaccines by stably attaching diverse antigens to hepatitis E virus-like particles, preserving native immunogenicity and inducing broad protection against respiratory pathogens.

Bronchiectasis and asthma can co-exist in the same patient, and the characteristics may be different from bronchiectasis alone. Here the authors characterise the function of ILC3 cells and how IL-17C potentiates IL-17A expression promoting a neutrophil dominated asthma endotype in mouse bronchiectasis-asthma models.

The LHCb experiment at CERN has observed significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the beauty baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, thus demonstrating CP violation in baryon decays.

Escalating marine plastic pollution has been harmful for marine ecosystems. Here the authors evaluate the relative ecological risks posed by marine plastic globally through different exposure pathways including ingestion, entanglement, pollutant adsorption and additive leaching.

Exceptional points enable unique light–matter interactions in non-Hermitian systems. This Review surveys band, scattering and Jones exceptional points in engineered materials, highlighting emerging applications and phenomena including topological properties, dynamic control, braiding, wavefront shaping and special states.

The semileptonic decay channels of the Λc baryon can give important insights into weak interaction, but decay into a neutron, positron and electron neutrino has not been reported so far, due to difficulties in the final products’ identification. Here, the BESIII Collaboration reports its observation in e+e- collision data, exploiting machine-learning-based identification techniques.

This study shows how the links between somatic passenger mutations in tumors and normal cell transcriptomes can be used to infer cell-of-origin in lung adenocarcinoma.

Edge-adsorbed water dipoles act as a molecular switch, inducing ferroelectricity in graphene nanoribbons. A collective motion of molecules yields a temperature-independent effect, paving the way for future electronic, memory, and neuromorphic devices.

The properties of many high-temperature superconductors are governed by holes rather than electrons. Gauquelin et al. use atomic resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy to study the effect of oxygen doping on the valence of Cu ions and local electronic structure around the oxygen atoms in YBa₂Cu₃O_6+δ.

Previous ophthalmic foundation models have struggled to generalize effectively to diverse and rare fundus diseases, restricting their clinical applicability. Here, the authors introduce a vision-language foundation model that demonstrates superior performance in diagnosing both common and rare fundus conditions.

The mechanisms underlying increased cardiometabolic risk from cancer treatment in childhood cancer survivors remain to be explored. Here, epigenome-wide analysis in childhood cancer survivors identified DNA methylation sites that mediate treatment-related cardiometabolic risks and are associated with inflammatory and metabolic pathways.

The potential of detecting acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) is explored for early cancer diagnosis and treatment. Here, this group reports a pH-responsive ratiometric photoacoustic sensor that dynamically monitors TME acidity throughout HCC initiation, progression, and metastasis.

METTL3 promotes healthy placenta function by regulating m⁶A methylation and histone epigenetics. Deficiency in METTL3 leads to premature senescence, inflammation activation of trophoblasts, contributing to pregnancy complications like preeclampsia.

This study reveals a hierarchical development of the brain’s structural connectome from infancy to childhood, characterized by distinct sensorimotor-association trajectories and alignment with multiple neurobiological hierarchies.

PRDX1 enhances lipophagy and testosterone production by regulating ATG4B. PRDX1 inactivation causes premature testicular aging and aggravates LOH syndromes. Ebselen may be applied to treat male aging-related issues.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

A model, trained to generate synthetic, patient-specific angiography images, reduced radiation exposure to patients and clinicians by two-thirds in a multicenter randomized controlled trial involving 1,068 patients.

Previous studies have shown the importance of unidirectionally aligned domain nucleation for the growth of 2D semiconductor single crystals. Here, the authors report the observation of a self-alignment process of misoriented domains during the metal-organic chemical vapour deposition growth of 2D MoS₂ on sapphire, leading to single-crystalline films with improved carrier mobility.

Reducing the embodied carbon emissions of building material stock is essential for mitigation. Using a high-resolution multiyear dataset in China, researchers show the historically massive contributions of these emissions during past decades of rapid urbanization and the potential risks for future climate goals.

Unprotected β-fluoroamines are important motifs in synthetic chemistry, offering versatility for the development of β-fluorinated nitrogen-containing compounds. Here, the authors disclose an iron-catalyzed three-component aminofluorination of alkenes using a hydroxylamine reagent and Et3N · 3HF, offering a direct entry to unprotected β-fluoroamines.

Quality control for epigenomic datasets requires robust ground truths. Here, authors generate genome-wide quantitative methylation reference datasets from the publicly available Quartet DNA reference materials, which could serve as a resource for the standardised benchmarking of emerging technologies.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Tumour-induced dysregulation of cAMP–PKA–CREB1 signalling in skeletal muscle is shown to be a driver of mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing to cancer cachexia in mice.

In a mouse model, environmental immunostimulation in early life led to cross-reactive adaptive immune memory and reduced type II immune responses to allergens, indicating a mechanistic relationship between environmental antigen exposure and subsequent allergy.

This work uncovers why traditional methods underestimate active site density in fuel cell catalysts. The researchers developed a novel in-situ acid-assisted method coupled with infrared spectroscopy to accurately quantify sites and elucidate their structure, validated across multiple catalysts.