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The authors develop a method for combining information across datasets to find genes that are reproducibly differentially expressed in many datasets. They apply this to neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19 to reveal underlying molecular pathways.

Authors present a bispecific antiviral design targeting the virus and the host that simultaneously offers broad-spectrum protection against multiple existing transmissible human-pathogenic coronaviruses, including the Paxlovid-resistant SARS-CoV-2 mutants.

Akincilar, Fidan et al. report a conserved role for telomerase reverse transcriptase in regulating inflammation via the cGAS–STING nucleic acid-sensing pathway in myeloid cells, independent of its telomerase activity.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

Cells must coordinate cell division with genome replication. Here, the authors combine rapid protein depletion, clinical CDK4/6 inhibitors, and genome-wide EdU sequencing to reveal that the CDK4/6-RB axis ensures timely loading of DNA replication factors in G1 phase in human cells.

The LHCb experiment at CERN has observed significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the beauty baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, thus demonstrating CP violation in baryon decays.

Graphene-based electrodes are limited by difficulty in controlling the geometry and variability. Here, the authors present a method to construct covalently bonded, uniform, and high-yield graphene-molecule-graphene single-molecule junctions with high stability and atomic precision.

An analysis of 18 metagenomic datasets of individuals with colorectal cancer, adenomas and healthy controls yields improved cancer prediction accuracy based solely on gut metagenomics, as well as the identification of new species associated with the development of cancer.

In this work, authors utilise comparative transcriptomics to reveal lncRNAs that distinguish pathogen-specific from core macrophage responses. They identify a Q fever-specific AHR-regulated CYP1B1-AS1/CYP1B1 axis that modulates mitochondrial homeostasis and survival of Coxiella burnetii.

In this clinical trial, the authors demonstrate that recombinant gE-Fc Fusion Protein Vaccine LZ901 for herpes zoster induces superior cellular immunogenicity and exhibits a better safety profile than HZ/su in adults ≥50 years, supporting its potential as vaccine candidate.

Sperm–egg adhesion is crucial for mammalian reproduction. Here, authors report the human Izumo1:Juno complex, a key regulator of sperm-egg adhesion, forms an unusually strong bond through a secondary binding site, which is impaired in an infertility-associated Juno mutant.

In 1972, Baird showed theoretically that the electron counting rule for aromaticity and antiaromaticity in the lowest ππ^* triplet state is opposite to that in the electronic ground state. A pair of compounds that manifests this reversal in character has now been identified and characterized experimentally for the first time.

HfO2-based ferroelectrics offer new options for memory but face reliability issues. By exploring device fatigue mechanisms, the authors develop an interface design strategy that regulates defect movement in films, improving its overall reliability performance.

New field measurements and modeling show meltwater refreezing in Greenland’s bare ice may reduce runoff to surrounding oceans, highlighting a process climate models can incorporate for improved predictions of future sea-level rise.

A new type of Fe/N–C catalyst composed of numerous nanoprotrusions dispersed on two-dimensional carbon layers with inner-embedded single Fe-atom sites has been developed that delivers a high-performance platinum group metal-free proton-exchange membrane fuel cell.

The design and assembly of interlocked supramolecular cages is of interest due to their exquisite topological configuration and excellent performance in a variety of applications. Here, the authors synthesize interlocked cages from half-sandwich rhodium building blocks and prepare membranes for applications in photothermal seawater desalination.

Photoelectrochemical etching relies on light-driven carrier migration to catalyze reactions on semiconductor surfaces. Here, the authors show that lateral photon gradients induce anomalous etching of undoped semiconductor materials.

Freestanding membranes of hafnium zirconium oxide can be created using pulsed laser deposition method and used as the top-gate dielectric in molybdenum disulfide transistors.

Managing power exhaust in fusion reactors is a key challenge, especially in compact designs for cost-effective commercial energy. This study shows how alternative divertor configurations improve exhaust control, enhance stability, absorb transients and enable independent plasma regulation.

Engineering non-natural functions into enzymes has opened unexpected avenues for chemical synthesis. Whereas past efforts in repurposing natural enzymes have predominantly focused on heme- and flavin-dependent enzymes, latest work further highlights the advantages and potential of non-heme iron enzymes for organic synthesis.

Caloric restriction improves Alzheimer’s Disease outcomes in mice, but this diet not only reduces calories, but imposes a prolonged fast between meals. Here, the authors show this fast is essential to improve Alzheimer’s pathology and cognition.

Ageing is linked to environmental factors. This study shows that although participants gradually adapted to heat over time, cumulative exposure to heatwaves had stable and adverse impacts on ageing, especially among manual workers, rural residents and those with limited air conditioning.

Preoperative prediction of lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) is crucial for surgical planning and prognostic management in thyroid cancer. Here, the authors develop LLNM-Net, a deep learning model to predict LLNM in thyroid cancer from multimodal data—including preoperative ultrasound images and clinical reports—, with robust performance across large cohorts from multiple centres.

Cobalt-based subsurface dopants induce a shift in the rate-determining step of electrochemical CO₂ reduction on copper to the chemical step: OCCO* + H* → OCCHO* + *. Electrochemical production of ethylene over the optimized catalyst is achieved at low voltage and high current in a membrane electrode assembly system.

This study uses chromatin tracing to identify alterations in single-cell 3D genome conformation during the progression of Kras-driven mouse lung adenocarcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and proposes Rnf2 as a regulator of the 3D genome.

Programmable topological dipoles could be used in stimuli-responsive materials. Now it is shown that confinement of an apolar liquid crystal results in controllable polar arrangements of elastic dipoles.

Here, authors develop trRosettaRNA, a deep learning-based approach for predicting RNA 3D structures. Blind tests demonstrate that the automated predictions compete effectively with top human predictions on natural RNAs.

By controlling oxygen partial pressure, this study coerces Mn and Fe into divalent states, stabilizing seven new high-entropy rock salt oxides, and introduces oxygen chemical potential as a key design axis for predictive synthesis.

This study refines benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca paleothermometry to reduce uncertainties to ±0.2-0.3 °C, which was then applied in Atlantic and Pacific sediment cores to reconstruct Mid-Pliocene M2 glaciation sea-level changes.

The role of phosphorylated CTD interacting factor-1 (PCIF1) in neuropathic pain-anxiety comorbidity remains elusive. Here, authors identify the SERBP1–PCIF1 complex, which targets m6Am modification in glutamatergic neurons of the S1HL, as a potential therapeutic target.

Primary angle-closure glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness. Here, the authors identify rare deleterious variants in UBOX5 as risk factors and implicate BIP ubiquitination as a potential disease mechanism.

This study develops a biophysical theory explaining root anatomical allometry as a regulator for carbon-nutrient exchange with mycorrhizal fungi. Accordingly, arbuscules residing inner cortical layers can improve carbon efficiency in nutrient uptake.

Immune check point therapies have not been successful for prostate cancers, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here the authors show that a transcription factor, YY1, may promote the SUMOylation and stability of HIF-1α to suppress anti-tumor immunity, while targeting YY1 helps improve tumor control, in mouse prostate cancer models.

In this multicenter phase 1 trial, treatment with IBI343, a CLDN18.2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate, was safe and showed encouraging clinical responses in patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.

Detecting early allopolyploidy events and understanding the specific subgenomic evolution contributing to the origin of adaptive innovations for species radiation are challenging. Here, the authors address these problems by analyzing nine newly assembled genomes of Salicaceae species from different genera.

Stable and robust topological edge modes are observed at finite temperatures in an array of 100 programmable superconducting qubits because of emergent symmetries present in the prethermal regime of this system.

The authors show that ~100-kyr climate cycles over the past ~800 ka, and even since ~34 Ma, likely arose from a ~2.4-Myr eccentricity-modulated competition between low- and high-latitude continental carbon reservoirs for dominance in carbon cycles.