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AI copilots are integrated into brain–computer interfaces, enabling a paralysed participant to achieve improved control of computer cursors and robotic arms. This shared autonomy approach offers a promising path to increase BCI performance and clinical viability.

This overview of the ENCODE project outlines the data accumulated so far, revealing that 80% of the human genome now has at least one biochemical function assigned to it; the newly identified functional elements should aid the interpretation of results of genome-wide association studies, as many correspond to sites of association with human disease.

Heart failure can be caused by cardiac fibroblasts replacing myocytes. Here, the authors use functional genomic data from fibroblasts, genetic signals enriched in people with heart disease, and gene perturbation analyses to link disease-associated regulatory elements to protein-coding genes.

Quantum teleportation moves the quantum state of a system between physical locations without losing its coherence, an essential criterion for emerging quantum information applications. Now, electron-spin-state teleportation in covalent organic electron donor–acceptor–stable radical molecules is demonstrated using entangled electron spins produced by photo-induced electron transfer.

A cell-sorting method leveraging leucine zippers allows for the generation of T cells displaying multiple chimaeric antigen receptors as well as receptors converting inhibitory signals into stimulatory signals.

Despite improving therapeutic options, the prognosis for patients with metastatic castration-resistance prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains poor. Here, the authors identify MCL1 copy number alterations as a prognostic and predictive biomarker, demonstrating its therapeutic potential as a drug target, either alone or in combination, in patients with mCRPC.

Development of a biosensor for GPCR trafficking to the lysosome combined with a genome-wide CRISPR screen identified DNAJC13 as a critical regulator of agonist-induced trafficking of the δ-opioid receptor to the lysosome.

Whether and how prefrontal astrocyte Ca²⁺ signaling modulates different neuronal populations in aiding or inhibiting anxiety-like behavior remains not fully understood. Here authors show that prefrontal astrocytes encode anxiogenic cues and modulate excitatory and inhibitory neurons differently. Silencing prefrontal astrocytes heightens anxiety-like behavior and induces proteomic changes in astrocytes and neurons.

Using historical aerial photographs and new bed topography data, accelerating changes on Kennicott and Root Glaciers, Alaska since 1938 are documented. These observations inform projections showing 38–63% mass loss by 2100, depending on future climate.

Ion-mobility mass spectrometry has been used to identify and characterize the oligomeric assemblies of amyloid-β proteins under physiologically relevant conditions. Hexamers and dodecamers are formed only from Aβ42 proteins and the dodecamer is identified as a candidate for the primary toxic agent in the development of Alzheimer's disease.

Here the authors describe a biophysical layer-5 pyramidal neuronal model linking microscale spiking to macroscale complex dynamics, that predicts distinct burst dynamics and information processing across unconscious, dreaming, and awake states.

Williams et al. report a growth arrest mechanism in residual cancer persister cells through targeted therapy-induced upregulation of type I interferon signalling, which is negatively regulated by apoptotic DNA endonuclease DFFB to allow tumour relapse.

Biosensors using ligand-receptor binding tend to operate under equilibrium conditions, but this can make real-time monitoring challenging. Here the authors provide a theoretical foundation for biosensing where ligand concentrations can be continuously measured without needing to reach equilibrium.

Morey and colleagues identify a dual function of CoREST in regulating sensitivity and resistance to endocrine therapies in breast cancer. This work also provides a pre-clinical model for study of the conversion of luminal/ER⁺ to basal/ER⁻ breast cancer.

Enhanced light–molecule interactions in high-finesse fibre-based Fabry–Pérot microcavities are used to detect and profile individual unlabelled solution-phase biomolecules, leading to potential applications in the life and chemical sciences.

This protocol covers the acoustics-based separation of biological particles such as viruses and single extracellular vesicles from biofluids, including plasma and saliva, with high purity.

Biomolecular condensates of Eps15 recruit and assemble clathrin. In turn, clathrin assembly restricts condensate growth while imposing the preferred curvature of the clathrin lattice.

Tonic and burst-like locus coeruleus firing distinctly tune brain topology toward associative and sensory regions, recruiting both astrocytic and neuronal inhibitory activity.

Efficient phononic nonlinear processes are demonstrated in an acoustoelectric heterostructure combining a high-mobility semiconductor indium gallium arsenide film heterogeneously integrated onto a lithium niobate thin film.

The authors summarize the data produced by phase III of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project, a resource for better understanding of the human and mouse genomes.

Cannabis use has been reported to impair sperm quality but less is known about whether cannabis affects female fertility. Here the authors report that cannabis use and THC levels associate with oocyte maturation rate and reduced number of euploid embryos in a retrospective case-control study of patients undergoing IVF treatment, while in vitro data suggests THC impairs chromosome segregation.

Somatic mutations in MED12 have been implicated as the causal genetic lesion in the majority of uterine leiomyomas. Here, the authors profile the chromatin landscape of matched normal and leiomyoma tissues and find that changes in enhancer acetylation, enhancer-promoter interaction strength, differential enhancer usage and transcription factor AP-1 occupancy are significant drivers of transcriptional dysregulation in MED12 mutant leiomyomas.

Supervised machine-learning models trained using Drosophila epigenetic and STARR-seq data can be transferred to predict mouse and human enhancers.

Basty and Sorokin et al. use deep learning to analyze abdominal MRI from 44,541 UK Biobank participants. They define six cardiovascular traits linked to aneurysm and broader cardiovascular risk, with genome-wide association studies revealing 72 associations at 59 loci.

In contrast to their clinical success as inhibitors and targeting agents, antibodies have generally been ineffective as receptor agonists. Here, Romei et al. leverage a natural homotypic interface to tune antibody geometry, enabling optimization of agonist activity for multiple therapeutic targets.

A large-scale mouse study reveals that while existing epigenomic data detect many developmental enhancers, a substantial fraction is missed - highlighting the need for expanded resources to fully annotate enhancers genome-wide.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

This study reports the development and preclinical evaluation of a humanized citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) monoclonal antibody that mitigates inflammation, restores macrophage function, and protects against sepsis-induced pulmonary injury.

New data on brain-wide circuits centred around two interconnected hypothalamic neuron populations provide significant mechanistic insights into the emergence of social need during social isolation and the satiation of social need during social reunion.

An exome-wide association study for fetal and maternal rare deleterious variants affecting the normal variation in birth weight identifies nine genes involved in adipose tissue regulation, placental function and insulin-like growth factor signalling.

Hydronium ions bordering cancer cells are highly concentrated into a small extracellular region, and in tumour tissue such severely polarized acidity correlates with the expression of monocarboxylate transporters and with the exclusion of cytotoxic T cells.

Seismic reflection imaging beneath the northeastern Yellowstone caldera reveals a sharp boundary at about 3.8 km depth, which is inferred to result from a mixture of supercritical fluid and magma filling the pore space.

Aptamer switches are promising biotechnological tools but coupling of their affinity and temporal response limits their versatility. Here, the authors developed an intramolecular strand-displacement strategy that allows for independent fine-tuning of thermodynamics and kinetics of aptamer switches.

Kucharska, Ivanochko and Hailemariam and colleagues solved cryo-EM structures of Pfs48/45, needed for Plasmodium falciparum development, with potent antibodies. The work revealed conformational epitopes, with implications for design of therapies against malaria.

Ultrasound neuromodulation overcomes limitations of electrode-based stimulation through improved

targeting and long-term stability for treating neurological disorders. Here, authors present a hair-thin, implantable piezoelectric stimulator that selectively modulates neurons in the deep brain.

Photoreceptors in the nucleus control plastid transcription by utilizing sigma factors as nucleus-to-plastid signals in parallel with the light regulation of nuclear photosynthesis genes.

B cells need at least two signals to terminally differentiate into antibody-secreting cells. Pierce and colleagues show that persistent exposure to antigen in the absence of T cell help or ‘pathogen pattern motifs’ leads to B cell death via a calcium-dependent ‘metabolic timer’.

The Cousa objective is an ultra-long working distance air objective optimized for two- and three-photon imaging. Bypassing challenges caused by water immersion and short working distances, the Cousa enables and improves imaging of diverse specimens.

Prevailing models have suggested that grid cell firing in the entorhinal cortex for spatial navigation relies on theta rhythmic inputs from head direction cells. Here, the authors show how head direction cells can skip theta cycles in a regular and organized manner in which two head direction cells will alternate theta skipping in opposing cycles. This so-called theta skipping is dependent on the input from the septum, and these results propose a possible mechanism of spatial computation.

A partially molten sill-complex structure is found within the slowly crystallizing and tectonically quiet magma reservoir beneath Valles Caldera using anisotropic Rayleigh and Love wave tomography.

JWST and Keck II spectral observations of Saturn’s moon Titan reveal methyl (CH₃) as well as non-local thermodynamic equilibrium emission bands of CO and CO₂. Imaging shows clouds in Titan’s northern hemisphere at several epochs, with some appearing to evolve in altitude.

The soil microbiome communicates with plant roots using a chemical language. Here, using p-coumaroyl-homoserine lactone as the synthetic communication signal, the authors demonstrate programmable microbe-to-plant communication from the sender in the soil bacteria to a receiver in the plant.

Fibrin drives inflammation and neuropathology in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and fibrin-targeting immunotherapy may represent a therapeutic intervention for patients with long COVID.

Perilipin 3 binds to emerging lipid droplets from the endoplasmic reticulum. Choi and Ajjaji et al characterize the molecular mechanisms of Perilipin 3 recruitment to membranes and uncover a function for the PAT domain in diacylglycerol sensing.

Spy is an ATP independent chaperone that can act as both a holdase and a foldase towards topologically simple substrates. Assessing the interaction of Spy and apoflavodoxin, a complex client, the authors show that Spy’s activity is substrate specific. Spy binds partially unfolded states of apoflavodoxin tightly, which limits the possibility of folding and converts Spy to a pure holdase.

Approximately a quarter of the human genome consists of gene deserts. Here, Abassah-Oppong et al. reveal the biological relevance, embryonic functions and underlying enhancer architecture of a genomic gene desert flanking the Shox2 transcription factor essential for limb, craniofacial and cardiac pacemaker development.