In 2022, mpox predominantly spread through sexual contact, necessitating updated prevention strategies. Here, the authors show that rectal challenge in male cynomolgus macaques with a 2022 clade IIb MPXV isolate mimics sexual transmission, and that vaccination with modified-vaccinia Ankara protects pre- but not post-exposure.
- Cécile Herate
- Audrey Ferrier-Rembert
- Jean-Nicolas Tournier
