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An Earth system model estimates that natural halogens, of marine biotic and abiotic origin, remove about 13% of present-day global tropospheric O₃. Projections suggest this ratio is stable through 2100, with high spatial heterogeneity, despite increasing natural halogens.

Wide-field quantum sensing shows μm-scale inhomogeneous superconductivity in high-pressure La₃Ni₂O₇, linking local diamagnetic response to stress and stoichiometry and clarifying mechanisms that suppress or enhance superconductivity.

In a phase 1 trial, personalized mRNA vaccines tailored to individual tumour mutations in triple-negative breast cancer induced robust, long-lasting T cell responses and improved prognosis.

Evolutionarily related ‘proto-point’ centromeres providing resolution to the evolutionary origins of point centromeres are identified in yeast, and comparison shows they evolved in an ancestor with retrotransposon-rich centromeres and that long-terminal-repeat retrotransposons are the genetic substrate.

Skin-targeted siRNA therapies require optimized delivery to achieve therapeutic efficacy. Here, authors show that increasing conjugate hydrophobicity enhances siRNA skin retention and gene silencing in porcine and human models while limiting systemic tissue exposure.

Huang, Rigau and colleagues observe major changes in how DNA is organized in early germ cells before they start developing into sperm or eggs. These results show that germline removes structural ‘memory’ of DNA folding to start fresh for the next generation.

Here, the authors conduct a GWAS for eGFR, then a three-stage regional meta-analysis using GWAS summary data from the Eastern, Western, and Southern African geographical regions. Followed by fine mapping, colocalization, functional annotation, pathway analysis, and phenome-wide association studies showing weaker APOL1 effects in Africa.

Thermal imaging lenses are typically made from expensive materials such as germanium and silicon. Here, the authors synthesise a sulfur-based polymer with high mid-wave infrared and long-wave infrared transparencies, presenting a high-performing, low-cost alternative to traditional thermal imaging lens materials.

A ketogenic diet in male mice with hyperglycemia normalized blood glucose and enhanced improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and aerobic remodeling of skeletal muscle with aerobic exercise training, compared to mice consuming regular chow.

Diamond anvils are widely used in high-pressure research to investigate matter under extreme conditions. Here, broadband spectroscopy is used to measure pressure-driven opacity of diamond anvils to 520 GPa, revealing bandgap narrowing and optical behavior that redefines the limits of high-pressure spectroscopy.

The existence of multi-centennial natural variability in the North Atlantic is demonstrated over the last millennia by compiling proxy data. This variability mode will potentially amplify northern Europe warming by up to 30% over 2000-2035.

Authors study links between amyloid secondary nucleation and growth defects, demonstrating these sites on Aβ40/Aβ42 fibrils are rare compared to the number of protein molecules. Re-analysis of published data suggests that defects may also drive secondary nucleation generally.

Neural mechanisms underlying high visual acuity are not fully understood. Here the authors show that high resolution visual information is transmitted from the retina to the brain by neurons in the parvocellular geniculate pathway in macaques, where signals are now shown to most often originate from single cone photoreceptors, establishing the neural mechanism that limits resolution acuity prior to cortical processing.

Here the authors present a compendium of avirulence genotypes for epidemiologically significant strains of wheat stem rust based on nuclear phased genome assemblies and functional assays to inform resistance gene deployment and pathogen surveillance.

Producing valuable hydrocarbons electrochemically from carbon monoxide (CO) is an energy-efficient pathway, but reliance on costly pure CO as a feedstock limits its economic viability. This article shows that abundant CO-rich syngas can be directly used to synthesize ethylene.

Bosonic bunching of non-interacting atoms enhances atom–light scattering. An experiment now shows that attractive atomic interactions enhance this scattering further, while repulsive ones can completely suppress bosonic stimulation.

The authors present a genetically encoded tool based on a bifunctional enzyme that can regenerate NAD⁺ while executing an engineered glycerol shunt. The tool successfully restored redox imbalance and modulated lipid metabolism in vitro and in a mouse hepatic steatosis model.

Short HBpep peptides assemble into micron-size coacervates that are efficiently taken up by various cell types and stably retained for days. Nanobodies and bioPROTACs loaded in the coacervates enable interaction with native targets and these hubs can function as a bioreactor for target degradation

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of nucleotide excision repair complexes reveal the roles of the constituent proteins XPA, XPB, XPC, XPD, XPF, XPG and RPA in DNA bubble formation and excision of the lesion strand.

This study shows that aligning remaining carbon budgets with national greenhouse gas inventory accounting reduces the global 1.5 ^∘C (50%) budget by  ~100 GtCO₂, with possible depletion around 2027, and suggests that 64-85 countries could have exceeded their fair share by 2025.

Vocal fold cancer tumours lose some of their malignant traits when mechanically stimulated by physiological stretch or vibrations, mimicking the opening and closing of vocal folds and phonation.

Neural mechanisms underlying active avoidance are not fully understood. Here authors show that avoidance actions are positively reinforced by learned safety signals. With training, control shifts from goal-directed to habitual behavior via distinct dorsal striatal circuits, like reward-based learning.

Nechanitzky et al. examine the cell-intrinsic role of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-expressing B cells in germinal center immune responses.

Here the authors compare genetic testing strategies in rare movement disorders, improve diagnostic yield with genome analysis, and establish CD99L2 as an X-linked spastic ataxia gene, showing that CD99L2–CAPN1 signaling disruption likely drives neurodegeneration.

Data from 12,608 pregnancies across 7 African countries and a simulation model suggest that the total number of malaria-exposed pregnancies across sub-Saharan Africa exceeded 13 million in 2023, and that current prevention measures avoided more than 2 million malaria-related anaemia cases.

Aperiodic composite crystals were discovered that emulate 2D moiré materials, demonstrating a potentially scalable approach for producing moiré materials for next-generation electronics and a generalizable approach for realizing theoretical predictions of higher-dimensional quantum phenomena.

Sea urchin spines show exceptional mechanoelectrical sensing from gradient structures and can be replicated in 3D-printed mimics for underwater sensing.

In the context of ongoing A(H5N1) outbreak events, in this study, the authors use a ferret transmission model to show that genotype B3.13 viruses are shed into the air at higher levels than other A(H5N1) strains, highlighting the need for continued surveillance and aerobiological analyses.

Mucosal administration of a multivalent, adjuvanted vaccine against Clostridioides difficile promoted bacterial clearance and protected against morbidity, mortality, tissue damage and recurrence in mice.

Insect venom can cause severe allergic reactions including anaphylaxis. Here, the authors report structural and functional evidence that nanobody-based inhibitors can limit the allergenic and toxic activity of the major honeybee venom allergen and that passive administration prevents anaphylaxis in vivo.

Data from long-term experiments in Finnish peatlands shows that warming induces a metabolic response in boreal Sphagnum peatlands that enhances accumulation of soil carbon, in contrast to the carbon losses in response to warming in boreal forests and tundra.

A widespread bacterial defence system called SNIPE is shown to localize to the cell membrane, where it identifies and cleaves the DNA of infecting phage as it is injected into the bacterial cell.

This study reports an ultrathin kanamycin-based composite membrane that overcomes permeability–selectivity trade-offs while delivering strong fouling resistance and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity for water purification.

This manuscript from Choquette and colleagues finds that sclerostin gene expression is up-regulated in bone by β3-adrenergic signaling via an adipose to bone relay and acts as an endocrine factor to inhibit adipose tissue beiging in mice.

Massively parallel reporter assays across five cell types identify thousands of causal, noncoding regulatory variants among 220,000 loci, revealing diverse regulatory mechanisms shaping complex traits and disease.

Fast excitatory neurotransmission is mediated by AMPA receptors. Here, the authors discover that the GluA4 AMPA receptor subunit has distinct structural properties and conformational plasticity that tune its activation to glutamate.

Non-equilibrium two-dimensional melting is less understood than its equilibrium counterpart. Now it is shown that topologically driven melting in a two-dimensional crystal of charged colloids is the same irrespective of the mechanisms that generate the defects

Meningiomas are common brain tumors with variable behavior. This study reveals high STING expression across multiple cell types in the meningioma microenvironment. STING agonism triggers tumor cell death via programmed necrosis and pyroptosis, enhancing survival in preclinical models.

This study shows that in anxiety, circulating LPA16:0 produced by platelets inhibits adult hippocampal neurogenesis, resulting in increased susceptibility to stress and depression. These results support LPA16:0 as a potential therapeutic target for mood disorders.

Chlorine electrosynthesis from seawater is limited by poor selectivity and stability under industrial-scale conditions. Here atomic-step-enriched ultrafine high-entropy alloy nanowires enable highly efficient chlorine evolution at 10 kA m⁻² for over 5,500 h through dynamic Pt–O active sites, reducing electricity consumption and feedstock costs for next-generation chlor-alkali processes.

Viral ribonucleoprotein–viral protein networks form pre-replication centres that nucleate viral factories and drive respiratory syncytial virus replication.

Mapping of neurogenesis in human hippocampi across ages and different cognitive abilities using multiomic single-cell sequencing reveals distinct signatures between cognitive preservation and decline.

From 2014–2017, marine heatwaves caused global mass coral bleaching, where the corals lose their symbiotic algae. The authors find, this event exceeded the severity of all prior global bleaching events in recorded history, with approximately half the world’s reefs bleaching and 15% experiencing substantial mortality.

Urban ecology traditionally focuses on single cities, yet cities play key roles in ecological processes such as migration. Radar analysis across the continental USA reveals that nearly half of stopover hotspots concentrate in metropolitan areas, linked to urbanization.

An open-label, randomized, single-centre, phase 2 study shows that the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra shows non-inferiority to the antibiotic nitrofurantoin in patients with recurrent acute cystitis.

Mangrove ecosystems are facing severe climate threats. However, this study shows that strategically expanding protected areas to include the most climate-resilient sites can safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem services for the future, and this can be achieved with only a modest increase in protected area.

Wang, Zheng, Qian, Pan, Tian et al. characterize the crosstalk between peritumoural visceral adipose tissue and colorectal tumour microenvironment and report an immune escape mechanism, which may be potentially targeted for improved immunotherapy.

Donahue et al. show that ageing is associated with changes in ER morphology. ER-phagy drives age-associated ER remodelling through tissue-specific factors.