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Petrological studies along with volcano monitoring data relate the unusual 2019 explosive activity at Stromboli volcano (Italy) to deep magma recharges up to a few days prior the eruption and a direct link between deep and shallow magma reservoirs.

In the proof-of-concept phase 2 ROME trial, comprehensive genomic profiling followed by molecular tumor board evaluation and randomization of patients with metastatic solid cancer to receive personalized therapy or standard of care led to a significantly higher objective response rate and longer progression-free survival in patients who received personalized therapy.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Solid-state lithium batteries typically utilize heterogeneous composite cathodes with conductive additives, which limit energy density and cycle life. Here the authors present a cathode material that exhibits efficient mixed conduction and near-zero volume change during cycling, thereby improving battery performance.

Modern neutrino experiments require precise tuning of energy response parameters, a task complicated by the parameters’ nonlinear behavior and strong correlations. The authors present neural density estimators using normalizing flows and transformers integrating them with Bayesian nested sampling to achieve near-zero systematic biases and uncertainties limited only by statistics, offering a flexible framework for particle physics applications

The combination of JWST and ALMA data here unravel the history of the gas content of a quiescent galaxy, which became quenched through an act of self-sabotage. Black-hole accretion feedback heated the galaxy’s surrounding material, preventing its accretion.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

The accretion geometry of X-ray binary Cygnus X-3 is determined here from IXPE observations. X-ray polarization reveals a narrow funnel with reflecting walls, which focuses emission, making Cyg X-3 appear as an ultraluminous X-ray source.

Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem functioning across diverse environments. This study shows that soil properties and specific microbial taxa jointly shape ecosystem functioning across European soils.

X-ray polarization measurements of the Crab nebula and pulsar by the IXPE satellite reveal a global toroidal magnetic field with large variations in local polarization, suggesting a more complex turbulence distribution than anticipated.

Stem cell differentiation is controlled by manipulating RNA condensates.

There has been considerable interest in using magnons for information processing. Such ‘magnonic’ devices will require magnetic patterning analogous to the lithographic patterns of integrated circuits. Here, Levati, Vitali and coauthors present one possible approach to this, demonstrating laser induced changes in the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Yttrium Iron Garnet.

A purpose-built implantable system based on biomimetic epidural electrical stimulation of the spinal cord reduces the severity of hypotensive complications in people with spinal cord injury and improves quality of life.

Researchers use adaptive optics to correct distortions from digital micromirror devices in Hadamard single-pixel microscopy. The sensorless method restores sharp detail, nears diffraction-limited resolution, while correcting sample-induced aberrations.

A study reports the measurement of the polarization degree and angle of X-rays from Sagittarius A^* reflected off a nearby cloud, indicating an X-ray flare about 200 years ago.

The authors theoretically delineate the maximal increases in tree growth that can be expected from increases in plant intrinsic water-use efficiency, which increases with rising CO₂. They highlight environmental and physiological limits on growth in the context of experimental data.

Combining discrete molecular junctions to make integrated circuits is a major goal in molecular electronics, but problems with reliability, stability and yield have hindered progress. Researchers have now overcome some of these challenges to simultaneously fabricate 20,000 molecular junctions on a single wafer and connect 200 of them in series.

IXPE has revealed how the spin of the accreting neutron star Hercules X-1 changes in three dimensions. The spin axis of the star moves both through the star and across the sky, hinting that the crust of the star is asymmetric by almost one part in a million.

Controlling the magnetic properties by using an electric field is a promising route towards spintronics or magnetic data storage applications. Using dicobaltocene as a test case, it is now demonstrated theoretically that an electrostatic potential can be used to control the spin states in molecules.

The authors analyze rare coding variants in 1990 individuals with congenital kidney anomalies, finding diagnostic variants in 14.1% of cases. They identify two new causal genes, ARID3A and NR6A1, along with 38 candidate genes, providing evidence for shared genetics with other developmental disorders.

X-ray polarimetry observations with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer constrain the accretion geometry in an X-ray pulsar and provide evidence for a misalignment of the spin, magnetic and orbital axes in Her X-1.

Polarization measurements are reported for the blazar Mk501, revealing a degree of X-ray polarization that is more than twice the optical value and supporting the shock-accelerated energy-stratified electron population scenario.

Polarization can exceed 60% at the leading edge of the inner part of the Vela pulsar wind nebula; in contrast with the case of the supernova remnant, the electrons in the pulsar wind nebula are accelerated with little or no turbulence in a highly uniform magnetic field.

Employing a candidate gene approach, Mancina et al. identify a genetic variant of the Pleckstrin and Sec7 domain-containing 3 (PSD3) gene that reduces susceptibility to fatty liver disease. Functional studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrate that targeting PSD3 protects against fatty liver disease.

The BRCC36 isopeptidase complex (BRISC) is a deubiquitylase that stabilizes interferon receptors, driving inflammation. We discovered ‘BRISC molecular glue’ inhibitors (BLUEs) that selectively inactivate BRISC, promoting interferon receptor ubiquitylation and degradation to dampen immune responses.

Phylogenetic analysis is used to identify transmission chains, but no software is available for the automated partition of large phylogenies. Prosperiet al. apply a new search algorithm to identify transmission clusters within the phylogeny of HIV-1gene sequences linking molecular and epidemiological data.

A genome-wide association study including over 76,000 individuals with schizophrenia and over 243,000 control individuals identifies common variant associations at 287 genomic loci, and further fine-mapping analyses highlight the importance of genes involved in synaptic processes.

In June 2022, the IXPE satellite observed a shock passing through the jet of active galaxy Markarian 421. The rotation of the X-ray-polarized radiation over a 5-day period revealed that the jet contains a helical magnetic field.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Here the authors show that the dipole-active phonon resonance of semiconducting nanocrystals can be hybridized by a strongly concentrated terahertz vacuum field of a plasmonic nanocavity, thus achieving strong plasmon–phonon coupling even in the absence of direct terahertz illumination.

The physical properties of devices made of printed nanosheets and nanowires are determined by their intrinsic nanostructured network morphology. Here, the authors use FIB-SEM nanotomography to quantitatively analyze printed nanostructured networks via 3D reconstructions.

Bacteria can undergo adaptive evolution during severe infections, leading to treatment failure. The authors use within-host evolution genomic analysis to investigate persistent Staphylococcus aureus infections and optimise antibiotic treatment.

Here the authors show thatMETTL9 enzyme sustains neural development in vertebrates by maintaining the secretory pathway, mainly independently of METTL9 catalytic activity. METTL9 loss in cells leads to Golgi fragmentation.

Combined analysis of new genomic data from 116 ancient hunter-gatherer individuals together with previously published data provides insights into the genetic structure and demographic shifts of west Eurasian forager populations over a period of 30,000 years.

Dengue and chikungunya are an increasing public health concern in Europe, and Italy is particularly affected. Here, the authors analyse travel-related cases and outbreaks in Italy from 2006 to 2023 and assess current transmission risks.

Analysis of ancient genomic data of 51 humans from Eurasia dating from 45,000 to 7,000 years ago provides insight into the population history of pre-Neolithic Europe and support for recurring migration and population turnover in Europe during this period.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

DNA double strand break repair pathways ensure genome stability and prevent disease. Here the authors show that the actin nucleating factor DIAPH1 and γ-actin promote homologous recombination (HR)-dependent repair. Inherited mutations in DIAPH1 or ACTG1 give rise to clinical deficits similar to those associated with defective HR.

A direct proxy for past dissolved organic carbon signatures using co-precipitated organic carbon in iron ooids enables reconstruction of marine dissolved organic carbon signals dating back to the Palaeoproterozoic.

Hole spin qubits benefit from large spin-orbit interaction for efficient manipulation, but this can result in qubit variability. Here the authors study anisotropies in microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits in planar germanium, revealing two distinct operating regimes due to different quantization axes alignments.