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The cortex fuels essential physiological processes with glucose-derived carbon, while gliomas fuel their aggressiveness by rerouting glucose carbon pathways and scavenging alternative carbon sources such as environmental amino acids, providing a potential therapeutic target.

Increased nuclear energy usage requires the reprocessing of used nuclear fuel to recover radioactive waste, including xenon. Here, the authors perform high-throughput computational screening to identify a metal-organic framework with high xenon selectivity, and demonstrate this with performance analysis.

The study reveals strikingly different nonlinear Rabi splitting dynamics in MoSe₂ monolayers and (Ga,In)As quantum wells, highlighting the pivotal role of Coulomb interactions in shaping light–matter coupling in two-dimensional semiconductors.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Fan et al. describe DF-003, an alpha-kinase 1 (ALPK1) inhibitor that targets the root cause of the rare genetic disease ROSAH syndrome, demonstrating the ability of DF-003 to inhibit ocular inflammatory pathology in ROSAH model mice.

Data mining of a computational library of metal–organic frameworks identifies motifs that bind CO₂ sufficiently strongly and whose uptake is not affected by water, with application for the capture of CO₂ from flue gases.

The mechanisms that determine the composition of nitrogen gas emissions from soil remain unclear. A biocrust mechanistic model was developed to resolve puzzling dynamics of nitrous acid and ammonia emissions from drying soil pointing to previously unknown microscale pH zonation in thinning water films that affect soil biogeochemical fluxes.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

A tree-like arrangement of dichroic mirrors and multiple cameras coupled with an iterative spectral unmixing algorithm enables multispectral imaging of live cells in up to eight spectral channels with diffraction-limited spatial resolution and temporal resolution of 0.3 s for imaging a full cell volume.

The SLC45A4 gene encodes a neuronal polyamine transporter and is linked to pain response in humans and mice.

Computational methods enable the rapid evaluation of the gas uptake capabilities of metal–organic frameworks. Here, MOFs are screened for their CO₂ capture abilities using machine learning trained on molecular simulation data, with new effective point charge descriptors introduced to aid this process.

Mepolizumab (anti-IL-5 therapy) has been shown to reduce type 2 inflammation in asthma. Here the authors use bulk transcriptomics from nasal samples before and after mepolizumab treatment to assess the changes and associations with treatment outcomes.

The kākāpō is an intensively managed parrot endemic to New Zealand. Using genome sequencing data for all living kākāpō together with long-term phenotypic data, the authors devise an approach to identify genetic associations with fitness traits, which is informing species recovery plans.

This study introduces the Cattle Cell Atlas, a single-cell expression resource including 1,793,854 cells from 59 tissues. Integrative analyses leveraging this atlas provide insights into the biology underlying bovine monogenic and complex traits.

This study identifies long-lived closed and pre-open states of GORK K+ channel through structural and functional analysis, suggesting semi-independent conformational transitions underlying channel activity and promising sites for stomata engineering.

In this study, the authors describe SANA, a nitroalkene derivative of salicylate, as a potential activator of creatine-dependent energy expenditure and thermogenesis in adipose tissue. Preclinical and clinical data from this paper also suggest that SANA improves glucose homeostasis and promotes weight loss in mice and humans.

Plasma proteomic analysis of presymptomatic individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identifies novel disease-associated proteins and enables the development of an accurate diagnostic biomarker panel.

Bird wings use microscopic hooks to maintain connection between feathers during flight. Kevin PT Haughn and colleagues report an electro-adhesive alternative for engineered morphing wings, thus fastening feathers to improve manoeuvrability in flight.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Malignant cells with mesenchymal features display increased chromatin accessibility, particularly in the pericentromeric and centromeric regions, in turn resulting in delayed mitosis and catastrophic cell division.

Genome-wide association analyses identify new risk loci for heart failure and its subtypes, extending understanding of the underlying biological pathways and disease mechanisms.

The ability to sequence oligonucleotides which consist entirely of artificial bases will facilitate their ongoing development and use. Here authors demonstrate de novo nanopore sequencing of DNA oligomers composed of “P” “Z” “S” and “B” bases with high sequencing accuracy.

An agent-based large language model (LLM) tool helps with CRISPR-based gene-editing experimental design and analysis.

TARPs are tetraspanins that are claudin-like but regulate glutamate receptors. Here, the moieties that define TARP function and distinguish them from claudins are uncovered through cryo-EM, structure prediction, and electrophysiology.

Prospective evaluation of a machine learning-based early warning system for sepsis, deployed at five hospitals, showed that healthcare providers interacted with the system at a high rate and that this interaction was associated with faster antibiotic ordering.

Brook trout are at risk from climate change, making it crucial to understand how they adapt to warming temperatures. This study identifies genomic variation linked with response to heat stress, revealing population differences in vulnerability and the potential for assisted gene flow to improve climate resilience.

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is key to processing value. Rather than molecularly grouping VTA neurons, the authors functionally parse two neuronal ensembles (reward/stress), and show their indispensability for approach/avoidance behavior.

Carbon nanosolenoid materials with Riemann surfaces have unique structures and novel physical properties. Here, the authors report a nitrogen-doped carbon nanosolenoid heterojunction material with distinctive photocatalytic properties for light driven hydrogen production and organic transformations.

At high winds, above 18 metres per second, sea-spray droplets act as a pathway for atmosphere–ocean gas exchange, especially in regions such as the Southern Ocean, according to a chemically modified microphysical model.

Bacteria tend to live in thin layers of water on surfaces. Now the capillary forces in these layers are shown to help organize the bacteria into dense packs.

A pyramidal cell type and the 5-HT_2A receptor in the medial frontal cortex have essential roles in psilocybin’s long-term drug action.

Shared inter-brain neural dynamics, reflecting aspects of social interaction including self and other’s behaviours, arise in GABAergic neurons of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex of socially interacting mice, as well as in the neurons of socially interacting artificial intelligence agents.

A study reports whole-genome sequences for 490,640 participants from the UK Biobank and combines these data with phenotypic data to provide new insights into the relationship between human variation and sequence variation.

Dissolved CH4 concentrations increased by two orders of magnitude were observed in the Baltic Sea after Nord Stream pipeline ruptures. Before outgassing, they were advected across 23 Marine Protected Areas with unclear consequences for the ecosystem