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Contributions of vehicular and structural proton transport are quantified in phosphoric acid electrolytes, with linking structural diffusion to hydrogen bonds. The derived conductivity model guides electrolyte-conductivity trends and identifies 5.8 M for low-temperature batteries.

Whether a turbulent flow would inevitably develop singular behavior at the smallest length scales is an ongoing intriguing debate. Using large-scale numerical simulations, Buaria et al. find an unexpected non-linear mechanism which counteracts local vorticity growth instead of enabling it.

Stokes-shift-engineered CdSe/CdS quantum dots are used to fabricate luminescent solar concentrators that are tens of centimetres long and do not exhibit reabsorption losses. With efficiencies of over 10% and an effective concentration factor of 4.4, they demonstrate the potential of using Stokes-shift-engineered quantum dots in large-area luminescent solar concentrators.

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) accesses the vibrational properties of a material via nonlinear four-wave mixing (FWM); CARS in graphene has not been observed to date despite its high nonlinear third-order susceptibility. Here, the authors devised a FWM scheme to perform stimulated Raman spectroscopy in single and multi-layer graphene through CARS.

The development of highly luminescent materials such as large Stokes shift fast emitters is desirable for their potential application in photonics. Here the authors engineer hetero-ligand metal-organic frameworks nanoparticles to achieve high emission yield, large Stokes shift and realize a prototypal fast scintillator.

Cavitation is the formation of vapour bubbles within a liquid and is undesirable in many industrial applications. Here Stiegeret al. show how the anisotropic fluids influence this process in a nematic liquid crystal and find that orientational ordering of molecules can tune the onset of cavitation.

The magnetic field structure of the protoplanetary disk around HD 142527 is derived from dust polarization observations. A magnetic field strength of 0.3 mG and its three-dimensional components were calculated using the distributions of the polarization vectors.

Given rising diabetes prevalence globally, access to diabetes treatments is gaining urgency. Here, the authors show patterns of glucose-lowering medication use for diabetes across 62 low- and middle-income countries.

Designing monovalent anion-selective membranes is challenging due to the need to balance trade-offs between flux and selectivity, membrane stability, and cost-effective fabrication. Here, the authors synthesized a polymer via superacid polymerization and designed a membrane using in-situ interfacial polymerization to optimize membrane properties.

Observing quantum effects in a mechanical oscillator requires it to be close to a pure quantum state, rather than a thermal mixture. Here a librational mode of a levitated nanoparticle is cooled close to its ground state without using cryogenics.

The axial Higgs mode is theoretically attributed to a hidden ferroaxial component of charge order. In rare-earth tritellurides, this ferroaxial order is now shown to be induced by intertwined orbital and charge orders.

Iceberg calving can act as a submarine melt amplifier through excitation of transient internal waves.

Here, the authors perform statistical measurements on hundreds of plasmonic nano-cavities embedding WSe₂ monolayers, and show the activation of anti-Stokes photoluminescence in WSe₂ through resonant excitation of a dark exciton at room temperature.

The laser pulses that drive most laser wakefield accelerators have wavelengths near 1 micrometer and peak power > 100 terawatts. Here, the authors drive plasma wakes with 10 micrometer, 2-terawatt pulses, yielding relativistic electron beams with a collimated, narrow-energy-bandwidth component.

The interactions between microplastics and freshwater snow can influence the way in which both particle types settle in freshwater environments. Advanced and automated tracking techniques show that agglomerates of the two particles settle faster than the individual components alone, underscoring the potential repercussions on biogeochemical cycles.

Quantum teleportation has found important applications in quantum technologies, but pushing it to macroscopic objects is challenging because of the fragility of quantum states. Here, the authors demonstrate teleportation of states from light beams to the vibrational states of a macroscopic diamond sample.

Here, the Authors show that up-conversion in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals arises from an interaction between soft lattice vibrations and excited states, with a specific phonon mode enabling coherent and highly efficient up conversion process.

Light-matter interfaces implementing arbitrary conditional operations on incoming photons would have several applications in quantum computation and communications. Here, the authors demonstrate conditional polarization rotation induced by a single quantum dot spin embedded in an electrically contacted micropillar, spanning up to a pi flip.

Arising from singularity on the surface of Poincaré sphere, topology-protected phase for co-polarized light enables 2π phase modulation, which complements the classical cross-polarized Pancharatnam-Berry phase and expands the versatility of flat optics.

Membrane-free complex coacervate microdroplets are compelling models for primitive compartmentalization, but it is unclear how molecular co-operativity influences physicochemical properties and activity of membrane-free compartments. Here, the authors use RNA/peptide coacervates as a model to reveal the relationship between coacervate properties and ribozyme activity.

Benchmarking greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment plants is an essential step in developing mitigation strategies. This is now achieved for the USA by modelling over 15,000 facilities using Monte Carlo simulations to obtain a national baseline.

A levitated nanoparticle in an optical cavity has been cooled to its motional ground state in two degrees of freedom at the same time. Control of the cavity properties also enabled the observation of the transition from 1D to 2D ground-state cooling.

Photoexcitation of quadrupolar dyes—key materials for various optoelectronic applications—induces an excited-state symmetry-breaking charge-transfer process with unknown microscopic origin. Now it has been shown that vibronic coupling to high-frequency backbone modes drives the initial ultrafast symmetry breaking before solvation, distinguishing fundamental intramolecular dynamics from solvent-induced charge localization.

Many biological reactions typically occur in a fluid that is near to a surface. Here, the authors apply theory used to describe glassy systems to quantitatively understand these effects, finding that correlated particle motion near the interface leads to an increase in fluid viscosity.

Quantum state engineering necessitates transfer between quantum states. Here the authors demonstrate coherent population transfer between un- or weakly-coupled states of solid state systems, superconducting Xmon and phase qutrits, using stimulated Raman adiabatic passage and microwave driving.

The use of a nanopillar lattice and orbital angular momentum provides control over the directionality of light emission on the nanoscale.

By exploiting the long-lived phonon modes in nanoscale mechanical resonators, a quantum memory that operates around the standard telecom wavelength of 1,550 nm is realized on a silicon platform.

Researchers investigate the optical phonon modes of bulk diamond at room temperature. Ultrafast Raman scattering measurements show an extended and highly non-classical state in the optical phonon modes of bulk diamond. The researchers also demonstrate a terahertz-bandwidth quantum memory based on transient ultrafast Raman scattering from the optical phonons.

Precise quantum state preparation plays an important role in quantum information processing. Here, Premaratneet al. use stimulated Raman adiabatic passage to transfer population from a superconducting transmon qubit to a cavity Fock state.

High-resolution observations reveal fibril motions in the chromospheric umbra of a sunspot, providing a potential energy source for coronal heating.

In this work the authors demonstrate on-chip integration of Brillouin lasing operating at visible wavelengths, with engineered design for stable output. This technical and scientific advance will help develop integrated light sources for quantum computing or atomic and molecular spectroscopy.

Non-classical vibrations are generated and transmitted along a mechanical waveguide, providing a platform for distributing quantum information and realizing hybrid quantum devices using phonons in a solid-state system.

By exploiting the interaction between light and phonons in a silica microsphere resonator it is possible to generate Brillouin scattering induced transparency, which is akin to electromagnetically induced transparency but for acoustic waves.

Linearly polarized thermal emission from dust grains in a strongly lensed, intrinsically luminous galaxy forming stars at a rate more than 1,000 times that of the Milky Way is detected.

Indium phosphide is the material of choice for bright and color-pure quantum dots for next-generation displays. This study identifies the photophysical processes that have until now prevented the development of lasers based on these particles.

Researchers report the spontaneous appearance of discrete frequency modes in a real-time experimental investigation of pulsed modulation instability in an optical system. These findings are expected to impact modulation instability-induced characteristics across a broad range of physical situations and technological systems, including free-electron lasers.

In June 2022, the IXPE satellite observed a shock passing through the jet of active galaxy Markarian 421. The rotation of the X-ray-polarized radiation over a 5-day period revealed that the jet contains a helical magnetic field.