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A purpose-built implantable system based on biomimetic epidural electrical stimulation of the spinal cord reduces the severity of hypotensive complications in people with spinal cord injury and improves quality of life.

The neuronal architecture that develops after spinal cord injury and causes autonomic dysreflexia is uncovered.

Machine learning aids heterogeneous catalysis research by linking performance to physicochemical controllable properties. This Review discusses experimental and computational high-throughput and machine learning approaches, comparing them by modelling method, features, dataset size, accuracy and reaction type.

The authors summarize changes in circuits after spinal cord injury and current strategies to target these circuits in order to improve recovery, but also advocate for new concepts of reorganizing circuits informed by multi-omic single-cell atlases.

How the cortex generates movement to achieve different tasks remains poorly understood. Here the authors show that the cortex serializes motor control by first performing task-specific computations in dorsal premotor cortex in order to then generate task-independent commands in primary motor cortex.

School-based non-pharmaceutical interventions were widely used for COVID-19 control. Here, the authors use simulations to investigate how the potential effectiveness of these interventions can vary depending on the relative contribution of community and school-based transmission.

Implantation of a multielectrode paddle that allows personalized electrical stimulation to all regions of the spinal cord involved in leg and trunk movements rapidly restores motor function in patients with spinal cord injury with complete paralysis.

Whole-brain anatomical and activity surveys identify the lateral hypothalamus as a key driver of recovery from spinal cord injury, leading to a deep brain stimulation therapy that augments the recovery of walking in humans.

The Tabulae Paralytica, a compilation of four molecular atlases of spinal cord injury, provides a window into the pathobiology of spinal cord injury, establishing a framework for integrating multimodal, genome-scale measurements in four dimensions to study biology and medicine.

How daylight saving time shift (DST) affects mortality dynamics on a large population scale remains unknown. Here, the authors examine the impact of DST on all-cause mortality in 16 European countries for the period 1998-2012.

Transcriptomic analysis following epidural electrical stimulation of the lumbar spinal cord during neurorehabilitation in mice identifies a population of neurons that orchestrates the restoration of walking following paralysis.

A spinal cord neuroprosthesis targeting leg motor neurons in real time improves walking and reduces freezing of gait in non-human primate models and in one individual with advanced Parkinson’s disease.

Electrical spinal cord stimulation interferes with natural proprioceptive information in humans. Ecological stimulation protocols that preserve limb position awareness and proprioceptive circuit dynamics facilitate walking after spinal cord injury.

Little is known about how climate change impacts glacier-fed streams (GFSs) microbiomes. Here, using a modelling framework based on global GFS metagenomic, climatic and environmental data the authors predict future increases in GFS bacterial biomass and diversity, but potential loss of clades adapted to extreme conditions.

Brain–spine interfaces have been used to enable leg movement following spinal cord injury, but movement is either involuntary or not adjustable. Here, the authors show in rats that a proportional stimulation interface permits voluntary movement and augments recovery in conjunction with rehabilitation.

Spatially selective and temporally controlled stimulation of the spinal cord, together with rehabilitation, results in substantial restoration of locomotor function in humans with spinal cord injury.

A reliable digital bridge restored communication between the brain and spinal cord and enabled natural walking in a participant with spinal cord injury.

Deep brain stimulation and epidural electrical stimulation of the spinal cord enable locomotion in humans with spinal cord injury (SCI) but the potential synergy between both approaches is unclear. The authors show that a complex technological approach is required to enable volitional walking in rats with SCI.

Externally applied electrical stimulation over the cervical spinal cord improves arm and hand functions in people with chronic tetraplegia due to spinal cord injury.

A wireless brain–spine interface is presented that enables macaques with a spinal cord injury to regain locomotor movements of a paralysed leg.

Optogenetics is applied to the entire mouse spinal cord.

Leveraging metabarcoding and metagenomics, a survey of bacteria in the benthic microbiome across 152 glacier-fed streams (GFSs) provides a global reference for future climate-change microbiology studies on the vanishing GFS ecosystem.

Analysis of synergistic muscle activations during locomotion and anatomical tracing of muscle synergy representations in the rodent spinal cord guide the development of a new spinal implant for neuromodulation therapy. In multiple rodent models of spinal cord injury, spatiotemporal stimulation that mimics naturalistic muscle activation patterns promotes improved functional recovery over previously described continuous stimulation protocols.

Differential expression analysis of single-cell transcriptomics allows scientists to dissect cell-type-specific responses to biological perturbations. Here, the authors show that many commonly used methods are biased and can produce false discoveries.

An epidural spinal cord stimulation system regulates blood pressure in the acute and chronic phases of spinal cord injury.

Thousands of metagenome-assembled genomes from the Vanishing Glaciers project showcase the interactions between prokaryotes, algae, fungi and viruses in glacier-fed stream environments.

Homologous recombination in CRISPR–Cas9 genome editing is increased by blocking an exonuclease activity.

The authors conduct a comprehensive assessment of statistical methods for identifying differentially accessible (DA) regions in scATAC-seq data, using a compendium of scATAC-seq experiments paired with bulk ATAC-seq or scRNA-seq from the same cells to evaluate accuracy, bias, robustness, and scalability.

High-throughput microscopy combined with gene silencing by RNA interference is a powerful method for studying gene function. Here, a genome-wide method is presented for phenotypic screening of each of the ∼21,000 human protein-coding genes, using two-day imaging of dividing cells with fluorescently labelled chromosomes. The method enabled the identification of hundreds of genes involved in biological functions such as cell division, migration and survival.

By combining fibre-based trapping and position detection with cold damping through planar electrodes, cooling of a silica nanoparticle particle motion to a few hundred phonons on a chip is achieved.

Elevated type 2 functionality in CAR T cell infusion products is significantly associated with maintenance of a median B cell aplasia duration of 8.4 years in paediatric patients with acute lymphocytic leukaemia.

A compound that enhances homology-directed repair in CRISPR editing leads to genome instability.

Serotonin is released throughout the brain from diverse projections of neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Here, the authors use optogenetics and fMRI mediated mapping of the mouse brain-wide serotonin network in response to acute stress and treatment with SSRI.

The cryosphere includes those parts of Earth where water or soil is frozen, such as snow, ice, glaciers and permafrost soils. Here, the authors present a global inventory of cryospheric microbial communities and their genetic repertoires.

Traumatic events in one generation can affect the behaviour of their offspring. Here the authors subject male mouse pups to traumatic stress and find that their offspring display improved goal-directed behaviours associated with epigenetic changes of the mineralocorticoid receptor gene.

Changes in gene expression in the hippocampus and the cortex are pivotal for memory consolidation. Gräff and colleagues use a recognition task in mice to show that epigenetic post-translational modifications are rapidly activated in the hippocampus after learning, but induced with a delay in the cortex.

CRISPR-Cas induced HDR methods tend to have a low efficiency. Here the authors report an HDR improvement strategy, Recursive Editing, that selectively retargets undesired indel outcomes to create additional opportunities for HDR; they introduce REtarget, a tool for Recursive Editing experimental design.

Avalanches can occur when a porous snow layer lies beneath a dense cohesive snow slab. Field experiments and simulations now reveal different crack-propagation regimes in slab avalanches, similar to rupture propagation following an earthquake.

Severe spinal cord contusions interrupt all corticospinal input. Neuroprosthetic rehabilitation rerouted cortical command through residual reticulospinal pathways, mediating motor cortex dependent recovery of locomotion in otherwise paralyzed rats.

This report by the Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia uses gene-environment-wide interaction study (GEWIS) to identify genetic loci that affect environmental influence in myopia development, and identifies ethnic specific genetic loci that attribute to eye refractive errors.

Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome requires generation of reactive oxygen species. Here the authors show that microbial or tissue damage-derived signals activate xanthine oxidase, which serves as a critical source of reactive oxygen species for inflammasome activation in macrophages.

Stimulating the intrinsic growth capacity of neurons and providing growth-supportive substrate and chemoattraction can allow axon regrowth across anatomically complete spinal cord injuries in adult rodents.