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This study finds a decrease in severe hail across Europe under a high emissions scenario using km-scale climate model projections. However, very large hail remains a threat, particularly due to the emergence of tropical-like thunderstorms around the Mediterranean coasts.

Using a superconducting circuit analogue of an atom in front of a mirror it is possible to shape the modes of the quantum vacuum and hide the atom from the vacuum fluctuations.

The northern temperate carbon sink is estimated to increase by 0.64 PgC each year for each increase in atmospheric CO₂ concentrations by 100 ppm, suggests an analysis of data from field experiments at 7 sites constraints.

With nature in cities, as with the chemicals we ingest, the dose can make the difference. This analysis looks across other studies to find that, in practice, a moderate ‘dose’ of urban greenness provides the greatest mental health benefits.

Synthesis of heterostructures of magnetic intercalation compounds in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) via directed topotactic reactions enables the creation of multi-component magnetic architectures, overcoming limitations of crystallographic incommensurability

An expert-elicitation process identifies current methodological barriers for monitoring terrestrial biodiversity, and how technological and procedural development of robotic and autonomous systems may contribute to overcoming these challenges.

This Consensus Statement presents the standards for technical reporting in environmental and host-associated microbiome studies (STREAMS) guidelines.

Researchers employ machine learning-driven simulations to investigate the behavior of oxygen under extreme pressures up to 1,000 TPa. They identify stable phases and obtain information on the melting line and thermal properties of oxygen, improving our understanding of the structure and evolution of white dwarfs.

Experimental studies of hydrogen at high pressure are challenging, so theory is central to understanding its phase behaviour; however, computed phase diagrams do not agree with previous measurements. Here, the authors use a quantum Monte Carlo method and present results in qualitative agreement with experiment.

Immune aging fosters multimorbidity and compromises control of infection and cancer. In a phase 1 randomized controlled trial in middle-aged adults, Denk and colleagues administer the mitophagy inducer urolithin A and profile cellular and metabolic aspects of immune aging.

Little is known about the diets of early modern humans as they dispersed into Australia. Here, Florin et al. study charred plant remains from Madjedbebe rockshelter, which show that 65–53 thousand years ago, early modern humans in northern Australia already had a broad diet of plants.

Amyloid fibril formation from amyloid-beta peptides is a key feature of Alzheimer’s disease, yet the mechanisms of its spatial and temporal spread remain unclear. Here, the authors reveal that amyloid-beta 42 aggregation propagates via diffusion of oligomers in solution, highlighting these species as key drivers of the spatial spreading of aggregation.

The number of individuals in a given space influences animal interactions and network dynamics. Here the authors identify general rules underlying density dependence in animal networks and reveal some fundamental differences between spatial and social dynamics.

Brain-wide recordings in mice reveal that prior expectations are distributed through recurrent loops across all levels of cortical and subcortical processing.

Genomic and phenomic screens of 827 wheat landraces from the A. E. Watkins collection provide insight into the wheat population genetic background, unlocking many agronomic traits and revealing haplotypes that could potentially be used to improve modern wheat cultivars.

Analysis of soundscape data from 139 globally distributed sites reveals that sounds of biological origin exhibit predictable rhythms depending on location and season, whereas sounds of anthropogenic origin are less predictable. Comparisons between paired urban–rural sites show that urban green spaces are noisier and dominated by sounds of technological origin.

Defect engineering has emerged as a promising approach to enhancing the carrier concentration of piezocatalytic materials, however, introducing defects can negatively affect piezoelectric performance by increasing charge screening and reducing domain wall mobility. Here, the authors show that using an external electric field to rearrange oxygen defect dipoles leads to a high carrier concentration while simultaneously improving both piezoelectric and piezocatalytic properties.

Artificial Intelligence technique based on Deep Learning is used to differentiate seismic waves before and after a M6.5 earthquake. The model classifies foreshocks, aftershocks, and time-to-failure, providing insights into how fault zone properties change before and after earthquakes.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

An analysis of coral reefs in the tropical western Atlantic suggests that nearly all will be eroding by 2100 if global warming exceeds 2 °C, which will worsen the effects of sea-level rise.

Analysis of human Robertsonian chromosomes originating from 13, 14 and 21 reveal that they result from breaks at the SST1 macrosatellite DNA array and recombination between homologous sequences surrounding SST1.

Rizzollo et al. show that BDH2 participates in iron distribution between cellular compartments, which sets the threshold for the ferroptosis vulnerability of the melanoma cell phenotypes, ultimately affecting their metastatic capacity

The authors find low-energy magnetic excitations and a flat band near the Fermi level in kagome metal superconductor CsCr3Sb5 by angle-resolved photoemission and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. They suggest that the flat band plays a role in the emergence of charge/magnetic order at low temperatures.

Strings of local excitations are interesting features of a strongly correlated topological quantum matter. Here, the authors show that Boltzmann-distributed strings of local excitations also describe the topological physics of the Santa Fe geometry of artificial spin ice, which is a classical thermal system.

When people recall a movie, their eye movements and brain activity resemble those observed during the viewing. These behavioral and neural reactivations are linked through a common process, likely reflecting the specific internal experiences that emerge in an instance of recall.

Imine reductases have been regarded as one of the most promising enzymes by the pharmaceutical industry—but their industrial application is still lacking. This work reports the successful industrial application of an imine reductase, enabled by directed evolution.

Exposure to volatile chemical products happens during or in the vicinity of product use and through ambient air; the latter pathway is neglected in exposure estimates. This study shows that both pathways should be considered in efforts to develop safer and more sustainable products and to achieve cleaner air.

The Yang’s charge is proposed as a metric for evaluating the coupling performance in this study. Compared to the conventional charge coupling factor which only considers the relative performance change, the Yang’s charge also considers the absolute performance of the device.

This study reveals that brain aberrations after preterm birth are highly individual yet shaped by early injury and social environment, influencing long-term cognitive outcomes.

A cavity optomechanics model accounting for the intrinsic dynamics of the interaction between plasmons and molecular vibrations reveals a parametric amplification mechanism that may provide an explanation for features recently observed in nonlinear Raman spectroscopy experiments.

Magnons offer a variety of attractive features for information processing: low dissipation, controllable non-linearity, short wavelengths at typical frequencies used in information technologies. Here, Metzger et al demonstrate control of a strongly coupled two-magnon-one-phonon state in antiferromagnetic CoF2.

The XRISM Resolve spectrum of the galactic neutron star X-ray binary, GX 13+1, reveals one of the densest winds ever seen in absorption lines.

A coupled-oscillator-based all-to-all-connected Ising machine manufactured using 65-nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology and operating at room temperature can efficiently solve dense combinatorial optimization problems that cannot be effectively mapped or solved by quantum annealers.

Aarrestad et al. show that, in contrast to psychedelics, the nonhallucinogenic psychoplastogen tabernanthalog promotes neuroplasticity through 5-HT_2AR activation without immediately increasing extracellular glutamate levels or immediate early gene expression.

Cryptands and related molecules are macrocyclic polyethers capable of strongly binding cations. Here, the authors use orthoester exchange for the dynamic one-pot synthesis of crypates, which can bind cations and, given their constitutionally dynamic nature, can also be decomposed to release their guest.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Distinguishing band and Mott insulators experimentally represents a longstanding challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate a momentum-resolved signature of a dimerized Mott-insulator in the out-of-plane spectral function of Nb₃Br₈.

The Connectome Annotation Versioning Engine (CAVE) is a platform for proofreading, annotating and analyzing datasets reaching the petascale. Currently, CAVE is used for electron microscopy datasets, but it can potentially be used for other large-scale datasets.

A sequencing chemistry that separates nucleotide identification from nucleotide incorporation achieves high accuracy.

Wildfire risk in California’s WUI is rising. Analysis of past events shows home hardening and defensible space can reduce structure loss by up to 52%, but coordinated, community-scale action is essential to maximize impact.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

A patient with newly diagnosed glioblastoma was safely treated with neoadjuvant nivolumab, relatlimab and ipilimumab before maximal resection, with comprehensive immune profiling showing the induction of overall immune activation early during treatment. The patient had no definitive evidence of recurrence at 17 months after treatment.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.