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OME’s next-generation file format (OME-NGFF) provides a cloud-native complement to OME-TIFF and HDF5 for storing and accessing bioimaging data at scale and works toward the goal of findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable bioimaging data.

A combined geochemical and multi-omics analysis across a 4,600-km transect in the central Pacific Ocean reveals that dinoflagellates play a previously unrecognized role in ecosystem and biogeochemical processes.

A study reports the discovery of a parasitoid wasp species that uses the adult stage of Drosophila fruit flies as its host.

Combination of epidemiology, preclinical models and ultradeep DNA profiling of clinical cohorts unpicks the inflammatory mechanism by which air pollution promotes lung cancer

There is a diverse set of cortical interneurons that uniquely participate in the computations of large cell assemblies. Here the authors show that the same type of interneuron within the hippocampus, those projecting to the oriens-lacunosum moleculare, can have distinct developmental origins and different circuit functions.

We show the evolution of a case of EGFR mutant lung cancer treated with a combination of erlotinib, osimertinib, radiotherapy and a personalized neopeptide vaccine targeting somatic mutations, including EGFR exon 19 deletion.

An innovative method using superconducting sensors precisely measures the recoil energy of lithium-7 nuclei, setting a lower limit on the spatial extent of neutrino wavepackets, advancing understanding of neutrino properties and weak nuclear decays.

Immune lymphocyte estimation from nucleotide sequencing (ImmuneLENS) infers B cell and T cell fractions from whole-genome sequencing data. Applied to the 100,000 Genomes Project datasets, circulating T cell fraction provides sex-dependent and prognostic insights in patients.

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loss of heterozygosity, allele-specific mutation and measurement of expression and repression (MHC Hammer) detects disruption to human leukocyte antigens due to mutations, loss of heterogeneity, altered gene expression or alternative splicing. Applied to lung and breast cancer datasets, the tool shows that these aberrations are common across cancer and can have clinical implications.

“The disease leads to death, and it does so within a short period of two to three years...The disease must, from our present experience, be considered from the onset not only as incurable but also as deadly.”—Moritz Kaposi, 1872

Comprehensive analyses of 178 lung squamous cell carcinomas by The Cancer Genome Atlas project show that the tumour type is characterized by complex genomic alterations, with statistically recurrent mutations in 11 genes, including TP53 in nearly all samples; a potential therapeutic target is identified in most of the samples studied.

A consensus cell type atlas for the fly brain provides both an intellectual framework and open-source toolchains for brain-scale comparative connectomics.

Analysing >1,700 inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network, the authors show that the majority of Amazon tree species can occupy floodplains and that patterns of species turnover are closely linked to regional flood patterns.

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia has a hereditary component, much of which remains to be identified. Here, the authors perform a genome-wide association study and find new risk loci for the disease, which are associated with genes involved in immune function.

Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data across 2,658 tumors spanning 38 cancer types shows that chromothripsis is pervasive, with a frequency of more than 50% in several cancer types, contributing to oncogene amplification, gene inactivation and cancer genome evolution.

Analysis of mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) by using whole-genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancer samples across 38 cancer types identifies hypermutated mtDNA cases, frequent somatic nuclear transfer of mtDNA and high variability of mtDNA copy number in many cancers.

Swanton and colleagues present a clonal expression signature, ORACLE, which, in combination with clinicopathological and molecular risk factors, can predict survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and they prospectively validate its prognostic value.

Electrons in f orbitals can create localized states that interact strongly and drive strange metal and critical behaviour via the Kondo mechanism. Now a mechanism of geometric frustration enables similar phenomena with d electrons.

The tunability of electronic properties is a central goal of research into topological semimetals. Here, the authors report Weyl nodal ring states in the magnetic semimetal EuGa₄ and link the nodal ring state to the observed large non-saturating magnetoresistance.

Effective government partly depends on effective communications to citizens. Over six studies in three different policy contexts, Linos et al. identify a counter-intuitive formality effect: citizens are more likely to respond to formal government communications than informal ones.

Quantum supremacy is demonstrated using a programmable superconducting processor known as Sycamore, taking approximately 200 seconds to sample one instance of a quantum circuit a million times, which would take a state-of-the-art supercomputer around ten thousand years to compute.

Transport measurements show that nematic fluctuations near a phase transition increase the temperature at which superconductivity occurs by a factor of nearly six. This happens in a non-magnetic nickel-based compound.

Active surveillance of men with prostate cancer has received increasing interest over the past decade, resulting in the publication of a wide range of different guidelines on the management of patients in active surveillance programmes, often with very different recommendations. Here, authors describe the various available guidelines and how they differ from each other, highlighting the need for an international consensus on the optimal use of active surveillance in patients with prostate cancer.

A prototypical kagome metal with magnetic and topological properties is identified.

The authors develop a high-spatial-resolution photoemission technique to show variation of the energy of the Dirac point of approximately 50 meV. They also find an interplay between bulk and surface states.

The observation of band structure features typical of the kagome lattice in FeGe suggests that an interplay of magnetism and electronic correlations determines the physics of this material.

Serological analysis and infection outcomes of participants in the multi-center, prospectively enrolled OCTAVE cohort, comprising 2,686 participants with immune-suppressive diseases who recieved two COVID-19 vaccines, reveals specific clinical phenotypes that might benefit from specific COVID-19 therapeutic strategies.

The insurance hypothesis posits that more diverse communities are more stable through time. Here, the authors show that plant biodiversity reduces the spatial variability of productivity in grassland communities, demonstrating that the insurance hypothesis applies also across space.

The impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy are not fully understood. Here, the authors perform a cohort study using data from Scotland and find that infection was associated with increased risk of preterm birth and some adverse maternal outcomes, but there was no evidence of adverse outcomes associated with vaccination.

Efforts to allow routine whole genome and transcriptome analysis (WGTA) for pediatric cancers in the clinic remain critical. Here, the authors present results of a unified genomics and bioinformatics pipeline for WGTA in paediatric cancers, the Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) program, with a focus on potential therapeutic targets.

Challenging long-held assumptions, this research reveals that people can learn to control bionic hands just as effectively, and in some ways better, using arbitrary control strategies compared with control strategies that mimic the human body.

Genomic and phenomic screens of 827 wheat landraces from the A. E. Watkins collection provide insight into the wheat population genetic background, unlocking many agronomic traits and revealing haplotypes that could potentially be used to improve modern wheat cultivars.

The authors use high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to determine the microscopic structure of three-dimensional charge order in AV₃Sb₅ (A = K, Rb, Cs) and its interplay with superconductivity.

Films of the correlated oxide NdNiO₃ form a metallic antiferromagnetic phase that can be identified using electrical currents, raising the prospect of applications in spintronics.

Analyses of the TRACERx study unveil the relationship between tissue morphology, the underlying evolutionary genomic landscape, and clinical and anatomical relapse risk of lung adenocarcinomas.

Data on geographically restricted SARS-CoV-2 variants is lacking in some regions. In this nationwide effort including 18 public health labs, the authors used genomic epidemiology and travel data to understand the origin and spread of 2 variants of interest that predominated during the second wave of the pandemic in Nigeria.

Data on the safety of COVD-19 vaccines in early pregnancy are limited. Here, the authors assess the rates of miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy following vaccination using electronic health record data from Scotland, and find no evidence of increased risks.

The risks of major congenital anomalies associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in early pregnancy are not well understood. Here, the authors conduct a population-based cohort study using electronic health records from Scotland and find no evidence of an association, supporting vaccine safety in pregnancy.

A NutNet experiment in 57 grasslands across six continents shows that when herbivores are excluded from grasslands with a long coevolutionary history of grazing plant diversity is reduced, while in grasslands without a long grazing history the evolutionary history of the plant species regulates the response of plant diversity.

Archaeogenetic study of ancient DNA from medieval northwestern Europeans reveals substantial increase of continental northern European ancestry in Britain, suggesting mass migration across the North Sea during the Early Middle Ages.

Global ocean microbiome survey reveals the bacterial family ‘Candidatus Eudoremicrobiaceae’, which includes some of the most biosynthetically diverse microorganisms in the ocean environment.

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is highly heritable, yet not well understood from a genetic perspective. Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 34,179 POAG cases, identifying 44 previously unreported risk loci and mapping effects across multiple ethnicities.

Safely opening university campuses has been a major challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, the authors describe a program of public health measures employed at a university in the United States which, combined with other non-pharmaceutical interventions, allowed the university to stay open in fall 2020 with limited evidence of transmission.

This study demonstrates that diatoms with phytochrome photoreceptors can detect and functionally respond to the entire visible light spectrum through these sensors, enabling them to sense depth and regulate photosynthesis accordingly in marine environments.