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In this multicentered observational study, Rotavac, an indigenous, monovalent, live, attenuated, oral rotavirus vaccine, had an adjusted vaccine efficacy of 54% and protected against severe gastroenteritis in Indian children during its rollout between 2016 and 2020.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

In this study, Weber et al., investigate the long-term survival and integration of human stem cell-derived neural progenitors into the stroke-injured mouse brains. They report grafted cells integrate into host circuits and mediate repair through graft-host crosstalk via neurexin, neuregulin, neural cell adhesion molecules, and SLIT signalling pathways.

Ataluren restored SBDS protein synthesis in three patients with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, improving bone marrow cellularity and pancreatic function without side effects, highlighting its potential as therapeutic option for this genetic disease.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom measures and clinical diagnoses identify new risk loci, highlight putative effector genes and yield improved polygenic risk scores.

Scientists show that refinements to atmospheric CO₂ growth rates and improved models of land and ocean carbon sinks have significantly reduced a long-standing gap in the global carbon budget, boosting confidence in climate science

Olfactory perception shows marked sexual dimorphism, yet its genetic basis remains underexplored. Here, the authors show sex-specific and shared genetic loci for odour identification, implicating olfactory receptor clusters and links to Alzheimer’s disease risk.

Species’ traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. Here, the authors find that dominant tree species are taller and have softer wood compared to rare species and that these trait differences are more strongly associated with temperature than water availability.

Molecular glues have great potential for drug discovery if they can be systematically discovered. Konstantinidou, et al describe a scaffold-hopping approach using multicomponent reaction chemistry to design molecular glues that induce 14-3- 3σ/ERα formation in cells.

Unlike cortical progenitors, ventral telencephalic progenitors retain the ability to generate diverse neuron types during neurogenesis. Here, the authors show that ventral telencephalic progenitor maturation is gated by developmental timing, revealing a distinct regulatory logic underlying the development of inhibitory neurons.

Metastatic dissemination in breast cancer patients occurs early in malignant transformation, raising questions about how disseminated cancer cells (DCC) progress at distant sites. Here, the authors show that DCCs in bone marrow are activated via IL6-trans-signaling and thereby acquire stemness traits relevant for metastasis formation.

Targeting histone deacetylases (HDACs) alone has shown limited success in solid tumours. Here, authors report that the HDAC1/2 inhibitor romidepsin confers responsiveness to receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, with enhanced therapeutic effects in models of hepatocellular carcinoma, leading to tumour regression and an immune-stimulatory profile.

Single-cell comparison of developing bat and mouse limbs reveals conservation of cell populations and gene expression patterns, and suggests repurposing of genes involved in proximal limb development for wing evolution.

River piracy—the diversion of one stream’s headwaters into another—has occurred on long timescales. An analysis of streamflow and digital elevation models documents river re-routing in response to glacier retreat in Yukon, Canada in May 2016.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

The reported burden of SARS-CoV-2 has been relatively low in tropical Africa compared to Europe and the Americas, but estimating true infection rates is challenging. Here, the authors screen blood donors in Kenya for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and describe spatiotemporal seroprevalence dynamics.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

A quantum key distribution system allows two remote parties to communicate in secret by a shared key code. This work demonstrates a complete and undetected eavesdropping attack on a quantum key distribution connection, highlighting the need for further security updates on secure communication systems.

This study shows that terrestrial heatwaves either propagate or remain stationary along preferred pathways, influenced by Rossby wave activity. The results provide potential for heatwave predictability.

Combining 32 genome-wide association studies with high-density imputation provides a comprehensive view of the genetic contribution to type 2 diabetes in individuals of European ancestry with respect to locus discovery, causal-variant resolution, and mechanistic insight.

The response of the ocean circulation to climate change remains controversial. This study shows that Miocene global warming drove a decrease in carbonate preservation and a shift in overturning from intermediate to deeper waters. Glacial expansion at 13.8 Ma promoted the onset of near-modern Pacific overturning circulation

DNA from ancient wolves spanning 100,000 years sheds light on wolves’ evolutionary history and the genomic origin of dogs.

Reduced glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease. Here, Pattaro et al. conduct a meta-analysis to discover several new loci associated with variation in eGFR and find that genes associated with eGFR loci often encode proteins potentially related to kidney development.

Microbiomes in connected aquifers are more vulnerable to surface disturbances but highly resilient, while those in hydrologically more isolated aquifers resist short-term change yet lose stability under prolonged stress, according to a decade-long study in the Hainich CZE, Germany.

Impaired wound healing that leads to scar remains a clinical challenge. Here, the authors study the effects of hydrogel crosslinking on cellular behavior in skin wounds and its effect on immune and stromal cell activity.

Wood density is an important plant trait. Data from 1.1 million forest inventory plots and 10,703 tree species show a latitudinal gradient in wood density, with temperature and soil moisture explaining variation at the global scale and disturbance also having a role at the local level.

Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer’s disease derived from individuals of European ancestry can show improved performance in multiancestry settings after incorporating genome-wide association summary statistics from diverse populations.

It is unclear why different antibiotics vary in their ability to shorten treatment of tuberculosis. Here, the authors show that a measure based on ribosomal RNA synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis correlates with treatment shortening in culture, in mice and in human studies.

There is a limited endogenous subventricular zone (SVZ)-derived neurogenic response for brain repair. Here, the authors report that cortical stroke-evoked environmental changes in the SVZ alter microglia-neural stem/precursor cells cross-communication, limiting the neurogenic repair response.

Phosphate storage in foraminifera is found to be widespread, indicating that these organisms are probably relevant for marine phosphorus cycling and potentially buffer anthropogenic eutrophication in coastal environments.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

It remains unclear when and why the world’s oceans, once largely occupied by bacteria, became dominated by photosynthetic algae. Here, using fossil lipids in million year old rocks, the authors show that predation after the Snowball Earth glaciations created the opportunity for a global shift to algal ecosystems.

Recent estimates of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake are generally unavailable. Here the authors show a global SSBs intake of 2.7 servings/week in 2018 in adults (range: 0.7 South Asia, 7.8 Latin America/Caribbean); intakes were higher among males, younger, more educated, and urban adults.

Here, the authors characterize the neutralization capacity of post-Sputnik V vaccination sera against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern B.1.1.7 (alpha) and B.1.351 (beta), showing the latter to exhibit resistance to neutralization in vitro.

Year-round tracer data from the MOSAiC expedition reveal strong variability in Siberian matter dispersal along the Arctic Transpolar Drift, driven by shifting river inputs and ice–ocean exchange, underscoring complex dynamics in a changing Arctic

Where and how the brain learns from experience is not fully understood. Here the authors use a hierarchical approach from behavioural modelling to systems fMRI to cellular coding reveals brain mechanisms for history informed updating of future predictions.

The mechanism of the last deglacial global warming is key for future climate. Here, the authors shed light on the pivotal role of the thermal coupling between the western Pacific warm pool and the Southern Ocean.

A large resource of shared tumor neoepitopes aims to accelerate cancer immunotherapy.

Pseudovirus assays and surface plasmon resonance show that the Omicron receptor-binding domain binds to human ACE2 with increased affinity relative to the ancestral virus, and that most neutralizing antibodies are considerably less potent against Omicron.