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Coronal mass ejections are large expulsions of plasma from the solar corona into space, and are drivers of major space weather effects. Here, the authors report observations of two successive ejections, whose interaction led to extremely enhanced magnetic fields and high solar wind speeds near 1 AU.

Coronal mass ejections from the Sun play an important role in space weather, yet a full understanding of their behaviour remains elusive. Towards this aim, Möstl et al. present a suite of observations showing that an ejection was channelled away from its source region, explaining incorrect forecasts.

There are technical barriers to studying early virus-cell interactions with high temporal resolution. Here, using super-resolution microscopy and immobilized influenza A virions enabling live imaging the authors show nanoscale receptor accumulation, endocytosis induction, and actin remodeling.

Recombined flood scenarios can exceed the historical events’ damage severity and reveal the critical role of timing between precipitation and catchment conditions, according to a perfect storm approach generating plausible extreme events by recombining historically observed precipitation and soil moisture in an analysis of major floods in Germany.

Tropical thunderclouds over ocean and coastal regions are shown to emit gamma rays for several hours over areas of up to a few thousand square kilometres, contradicting the quasi-stationary picture of glows.

Targeting histone deacetylases (HDACs) alone has shown limited success in solid tumours. Here, authors report that the HDAC1/2 inhibitor romidepsin confers responsiveness to receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, with enhanced therapeutic effects in models of hepatocellular carcinoma, leading to tumour regression and an immune-stimulatory profile.

The electrochemical triggering of fluorophores in dSTORM enables one to actively control their switching behaviours, resulting in improved spatial resolution and precise molecular counting down to the single molecule level in emitter-dense areas.

Accounting for inundation processes dynamically improves the modeling of tropical cyclone-induced coastal flooding compared to state-of-the-art, globally applicable approaches using static bathtub-type inundation models.

Reassessment of paleodata, atmospheric and hydrologic modelling explain why some 10,000 to 5000 years ago, deep crater lakes could exist in the Tibesti volcanic complex, the highest mountain range in the today hyper-arid Sahara.

Understanding how power systems fail—and the nature of cascading failures—as a result of hurricanes is important to increase future resilience. Here the authors present a co-evolution approach to modelling wind-induced power line failures caused by hurricanes and assess the potential impact of line hardening on grids.

MINFLUX microscopy typically can only continuously localise one fluorescent emitter at a time. Here, the authors present a multiplexing variant using a ratiometric differential emission detection to simultaneously visualise the diffusion of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and cholesterol on live-cell plasma membranes.

Literature produced inconsistent findings regarding the links between extreme weather events and climate policy support across regions, populations and events. This global study offers a holistic assessment of these relationships and highlights the role of subjective attribution.

The nanoscale organization of the antigen-antibody complexes influences the therapeutic action of monoclonal antibodies. Here, the authors present a multi-target 3D RESI imaging assay for the nanometer spatial analysis of CD20 in complex with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies within intact cells, to analyse the interdependency between the mode of antibody binding and the therapeutic function.

Alcohol abuse is a risk factor for acute respiratory distress syndrome, flooding of the lungs due to compromised barrier function. Here the authors report that alcohol upregulates claudin-5 that is then recruited to tight junctions in alveolar epithelial cells, causing the displacement of claudin-18 from ZO-1 and diminished barrier function.

Solar insolation is not equally distributed on the Earth’s surface and such imbalances influence the atmospheric circulation. Here, the authors show that latitudinal insolation gradients synchronized the hydroclimate in the Northern mid-latitudes and the African and South American Monsoons throughout the Holocene.

Expected changes in wind speed and rainfall associated with North Atlantic hurricanes could increase property insurance losses by 10% for a scenario of 2 degrees of warming, with greater impacts on the more frequent events, suggests an analysis of historical data with stochastic modelling.

Structural, biochemical and mutagenesis studies indicate that, in dying cells, the membrane protein NINJ1 assembles into filaments, disrupting the cell membrane.

Fluorescent probes for bioimaging need to exhibit bright fluorescence, be biocompatible and offer several alternatives for attachment to biomolecules of interest. Here, a near-infrared silicon–rhodamine fluorophore is introduced that can be coupled to intracellular proteins in live cells and tissues and can be exploited for super-resolution microscopy.

An epi-illumination system based on microlens arrays enables field-independent imaging of multiple cells with nanoscale resolution and large field of views.

Secondary ion beam mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a method to obtain a chemical snapshot of biological tissue, but the spatial resolution is low. Here, the authors develop a computational and technology pipeline to localise a chemical signal in SIMS in 3D and sub-25 nm accuracy, called Ion Beam Tomography

“Reconstruction of precipitation variability from oxygen isotopes in the Mesoamerican and Caribbean region is made difficult by the occurrence of tropical cyclones. Here, the isotopic evolution of a tropical cyclone is studied in detail which helps disentangle the key processes governing rainfall isotope variability in the region.”

Our understanding of the interactions between clouds, circulation and climate is limited. Four central research questions — now tractable through advances in models, concepts and observations — are proposed to accelerate future progress.

Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is an aggressive subtype of lung cancer. Here, the authors identify distinct subtypes based on genomic alterations and transcriptomic alterations.

In budding yeast, glucose withdrawal, via the Rag GTPases, leads to TORC1 inhibition through its re-organization into a giant, vacuole-associated helix named a TOROID (TORC1 organized in inhibited domain).

The surface area of neurons increases rapidly during neurite extension. Galli and colleagues show that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident SNARE protein Sec22b bridges the ER and plasma membrane during this process and contributes to plasma membrane expansion, but does not promote membrane fusion.

This study uses chromatin tracing to identify alterations in single-cell 3D genome conformation during the progression of Kras-driven mouse lung adenocarcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and proposes Rnf2 as a regulator of the 3D genome.

The non-linear interaction between tide and non-tidal residual impacts current and future extreme water levels. Here, based on 620 gauge records, the authors find a large non-linear interaction in the US East Coast, North Sea and parts of southern Japan, that results in a reduction of extreme sea levels.

Flickering gamma-ray flashes associated with terrestrial thunderstorms have been observed, which may be the missing link between gamma-ray glows and TGFs.

Although many glaciers in the Cordillera Darwin Icefield calve into fjords or lakes, the icefield’s evolution is largely controlled by atmospheric conditions. Over the recent two decades surface melt has increased significantly due to rising air temperatures.

The estimates of the societal costs of carbon currently used for policy evaluations may be too low due to an insufficient representation of tropical cyclone damage. Accounting for them substantially increases the estimated benefits of climate change mitigation measures.

Virus-induced senescence is a central pathogenic feature in COVID-19, and senolytics, which promote apoptosis of senescent cells, can reduce disease severity in hamsters,mice, as well as humans infected with SARS-CoV-2.

The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

Gangliosides such as GM1 present in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells are essential for many cellular functions and pathogenic interactions. Here the authors show that the acyl chain structure of GM1 determines the establishment of nanodomains when actively clustered by actin, which depended on membrane cholesterol and phosphatidylserine or superimposed by the GM1-binding bacterial cholera toxin.

Minimal photon fluxes (MINFLUX) has enabled molecule-scale resolution in fluorescence microscopy but this had not been shown in standard, broadly applicable microscopy platforms. Here the authors report a solution to allow normal fluorescence microscopy while also providing 1-3 nm 3D resolution.

The electride nature of dense sodium in the transparent hP4 phase, where valence electrons are interstitially localised, lacks experimental confirmation. Here, the authors use single-crystal X-ray diffraction and quantum crystallographic atomic form factors to provide experimental indication of interstitial electron localisation in hP4-Na at 223 GPa, advancing our understanding of high density electrides.

Analyzing the first and higher-order moments of the diffraction spot of a 4Pi fluorescence detection scheme facilitates two-color, three-dimensional super-resolution microscopy with ~6 nm axial and ~8–23 nm lateral resolution in a layer ~650 nm thick.

Viral infections usually cause disease through direct cytopathogenic effects and excessive inflammatory responses. Here, Olagnier et al. show that two NRF2 agonists, 4-OI and DMF, possess broad IFN-independent antiviral activity and decrease host inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Baarlink et al. identify a transient pool of nuclear F-actin, the dynamics of which are controlled by cofilin-1 that accumulates after mitosis and is important for chromatin reorganization in G1.

TIRF imaging is limited by the size and uniformity of the illumination. Here the authors present a waveguide solution to create a large area of uniform evanescent illumination suitable for single molecule imaging coupled with a customised sample holder containing a reservoir for DNA-PAINT solutions.

The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate can be used as an alternative carbon source by T cells to maintain their function during severe respiratory viral infections, including infection with SARS-CoV-2.

Potential mangrove restoration would necessitate an investment of $40.0–52.1 billion, yielding net gains in ESV of $231–725 billion. An estimated of 19.4 Tg C can be sequestrated in mangrove soils, generating $68.6–$236 million via blue C trading.

Here, via screening of a polypeptide library from bronchoalveolar lavage, the authors identify and characterize α₁-antitrypsin (α₁AT) as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor and show that α₁AT binds and inactivates the serine protease TMPRSS2, which enzymatically primes the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for membrane fusion.

Severe COVID-19 requires immediate and targeted intervention that is efficient against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Authors show here the therapeutic potential of engineered natural killer cells that simultaneously express a chimeric antigen receptor targeting the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, and IL-15, a cytokine that enhances the function and survival of their own.

A simple yet powerful super-resolution imaging approach based on switching off ordinary fluorophores and localizing those remaining or regaining fluorescence is illustrated using continuous widefield illumination and imaging of fixed and living cells labeled with rhodamine-derived dyes or fluorescent proteins. Biteen et al., also in this issue, describe related work using the ordinary fluorophore of EYFP for super-resolution imaging.