Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignancy that continues to be associated with a dismal prognosis, and a better understanding of the disease biology is required to improve early detection and treatment strategies. In this Review, the authors describe key scientific and clinical advances made in this area over the past 5 years, encompassing novel insights into the tumour stroma and immune microenvironment, promising progress in developing liquid biopsy approaches for diagnosis and monitoring, clinical translation of molecularly targeted therapies, emerging immunotherapies and reassessment of the potential role of liver transplantation.
- Sumera I. Ilyas
- Silvia Affo
- Gregory J. Gores
