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Disruption of the precise timing of gonadal differentiation and the exposure to adequate levels of specific hormones during critical periods that is required for normal genital development leads to disorders of sex development. This Review summarises the malformation syndromes associated with disorders of sex development and discusses the recent research into their aetiology.

This research identifies local field potential markers associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder symptoms in patients during provocation. Key findings reveal increased delta and alpha power in specific brain regions, correlating with symptom severity and suggesting potential biomarkers for targeted interventions.

Genome-wide analyses identify 30 independent loci associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder, highlighting genetic overlap with other psychiatric disorders and implicating putative effector genes and cell types contributing to its etiology.

Measuring acoustic phonons across the Brillouin zone reveals important information on electrical and thermal transport in materials. Temnov et al.generate giant acoustic strain pulses in gold/cobalt bilayers and monitor their nonlinear reshaping in the gold layer with plasmonic interferometry.

Differences of sex development (DSD) encompass a group of rare congenital conditions characterized by atypical sex development. In this Primer, Flück and colleagues provide insights into our current understanding of rare DSD pathophysiology, its prevalence and diagnosis as well as challenges and controversies related to clinical management.

Genes mutated in Wilms' tumours include oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes andWT1, which sometimes behaves as an oncogene and sometimes behaves as a tumour suppressor gene. This Review analyses, among other things, what it would take for WT1to fall into one or the other category.

Realizing large area magnetoreceptive electronic skin with spatially continuous sensing is difficult. Here, the authors integrate the giant magnetoresistance effect and electrical resistance tomography to achieve continuous sensing of magnetic fields across an area of 120 × 120 mm2 with a resolution of 1 mm.

Wilms tumour (WT) is the most common paediatric kidney cancer and few driver genes related to its development have been identified. Here, the authors identify DROSHAmutations that may contribute to WT tumorigenesis through their effect on primary microRNA processing.

It is time for policy-makers, funders, researchers and clinicians to tackle high suicide rates, say André Aleman and Damiaan Denys.

Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, or renal scarring, is a debilitating disease. The identification of the molecular mechanisms of its initiation and progression has been limited, thus hampering the development of proper animal models. Dontscho Kerjaschki and his colleagues now report that microRNA-193a is elevated in human cases of the disease and that transgenic expression in mice is sufficient to cause the condition.

The accretion geometry of X-ray binary Cygnus X-3 is determined here from IXPE observations. X-ray polarization reveals a narrow funnel with reflecting walls, which focuses emission, making Cyg X-3 appear as an ultraluminous X-ray source.

Here, the authors describe the history of the efforts to expand knowledge of Wilms tumour biology, genetics, embryonal origin and associated syndromic and familial conditions, and to clinically apply prognostic biomarkers and development of preclinical models.

A flurry of emerging treatment options is transforming the therapeutic landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma; two new studies highlight the complexities and gaps in knowledge, but also hint at a greater understanding of how to apply immunotherapy in early and advanced disease.

The spin texture of a magnetic system can host a variety of topological spin textures, the most famous of these being skyrmions. Here, Volkov et al demonstrate higher order vorticity in magnetic wireframe nanostructures and introduce a general protocol for the creation of arbitrary numbers of vortices and antivortices in such wireframe structures.

Using a transdiagnostic approach, Hoven et al. investigated the relationship between self-reported psychiatric symptoms and metacognition, from confidence to self-beliefs.

Christian Meyer and colleagues follow a previously reported GWAS for tuberculosis susceptibility with association analyses using 1000 Genomes Project imputation in two African studies and replication in Indonesian and Russian cohorts. They identify a new tuberculosis susceptibility locus on chromosome 11p13.

Authors present a centimeter-scale miniaturized Raman spectrometer using cheap nonstabilized laser diodes, densely packed optics, and non-cooled small sensors while the performance is comparable with expensive bulky research-grade Raman systems.

Polycrystalline thin films of elemental bismuth exhibit a room-temperature nonlinear transverse voltage due to geometric effects of surface electrons that is tunable and can be extended to efficient high-harmonic generation at terahertz frequencies.

Chiral interactions in magnetic systems enable topologically nontrivial magnetic textures, most notably topological solitons such as skyrmions. Here Volkov et al study the magneto-chiral interactions in a small asymmetric magnetic cap, and show how the geometric asymmetry influence the chiral spin- textures.

Flexomagnetism refers to the modification of the magnetic properties of a material due to inhomogeneous strain, and offers a promising pathway to the control and manipulation of magnetism. Here, Makushko et al. explore flexomagnetism in antiferromagnetic thin films of Cr₂O₃, demonstrating a gradient of the Néel temperature as a result of an inhomogeneous strain.

In this Consensus Statement, the pathology panel of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology–Renal Tumour Study Group (SIOP–RSTG) present the pathology and molecular biology protocol for Wilms tumours in the UMBRELLA SIOP-RTSG 2016 protocol.

The mechanisms of deep-brain stimulation for psychiatric disorders remain insufficiently understood. Here, the authors identified recruitment of cortico-striatal regions, in particular the medial orbitofrontal cortex, as a mechanism to treat compulsivity.

Detailed knowledge of the characteristics of COVID-19 patients helps with public health planning. Here, the authors use routinely-collected data from seven databases in three countries to describe the characteristics of >30,000 patients admitted with COVID-19 and compare them with those admitted for influenza in previous years.

Flexible magnetic sensors with high sensitivity have a wide variety of medical and industrial uses, however, making such sensors robust and flexible at the same time can be challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate a high sensitivity flexible magnetic sensor that exhibits self-healing under an applied alternative magnetic field, with complete performance recovery.

Birds and many other animals can sense the Earth’s magnetic field, but not human beings. Here, Melzer et al. develop a type of artificial skin based on giant magnetoresistive sensor foils with micrometre thickness, which can be stretched up to >250% without sacrifices in device performance.