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Estimating the quantum capacity allows one to assess the performance of quantum memories, communication channels, repeaters as well as error correction schemes. Here, the authors show how to estimate and verify one-shot quantum capacity in the most general case of arbitrarily correlated errors.

PTFE waste, a growing ecological concern, urges the exploration of disposal methods. This study investigates PTFE’s plasma gasification, revealing POCD (oxygen) and FHD (steam) pathways. Experiments validate the above mechanism, showing an 80.12% fluorine recovery in 5 min under optimal conditions.

How genetic information in the germinal zone determines neuronal cell types is unclear. Here the authors show that MEIS2 plays an important role in determining GABAergic neuron diversity during development.

Aging-related immune alteration has been attributed to increased susceptibility to infection and cancer. Here the authors show, using both lung cancer samples and mouse models, that aged Treg cells express higher levels of an ER enzyme, SOAT2, have altered cholesterol metabolism, and induce CD8⁺ T cell senescence to dampen anti-tumor immunity.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Global climate model simulations of early Venus and Earth show that differences in the cloud regimes prevented ocean formation on Venus but not on Earth.

Analyzing readouts of inflammaging across four cohorts, Franck and colleagues identify strong variation and observe that inflammaging, in its known form, primarily emerges in industrialized—but not nonindustrialized—populations.

Sayers et al. reveal that heart regeneration during the neonatal period in mice extends to conduction system restoration after insult, highlighting the difference between this process and pathological remodeling in the adult heart.

Benzene reduction by molecular complexes remains a considerable synthetic challenge, and typically requires harsh reaction conditions involving group I metals. Now it has been shown that a highly polar organometallic samarium alkyl complex enables the reduction of benzene to its tetra-anion without the need for a group I metal.

Cervix and breast carcinomas are highly heterogeneous in their mechanical properties across scales. This heterogeneity provides the tumour with stability and room for cell motility.

IL-27 promotes tumour control by preventing dysfunction and enhancing cytotoxicity of tumour-specific CD8⁺ T cells.

The ‘invariant rate of ageing’ hypothesis suggests that the rate of ageing tends to be constant within species. Here, Colchero et al. find support for the hypothesis across primates, including humans, suggesting biological constraints on the rate of ageing.

Trained on large and multicenter datasets with different imaging modalities, a foundation model is shown to have strong performance on the full spectrum of clinically relevant tasks and to increase user accuracy in diagnostic tasks.

As climate change drives more frequent extreme heat, this study reveals how global trade has intensified heat exposure for workers. Between 1995 and 2020, labour exposure to extreme heat rose by 89%, with many workers now spending nearly half their work hours in dangerous temperatures.

A fundamental understanding of nematic order is one of the most important issues to explore in the high temperature superconductors. Here, the authors unveil an internal spin structure of the nematic order in BaFe₂As₂ by using nuclear magnetic resonance under precisely controlled tunable strain.

Leggett modes can occur when superconductivity arises in more than one band in a material and represent oscillation of the relative phases of the two superconducting condensates. Now, this mode is observed in Cd₃As₂, a Dirac semimetal.

Heavy-atom molecules can possess complicated electronic structures due to pronounced electron correlation and relativistic effects. Here, the authors describe electronic states of RaF in detail by combining accurate spectroscopy and theory approaches.

The amount of secondary organic aerosol produced from wildfire emissions is much higher than previously thought, according to model simulations of evolution of individual species of organic aerosol over time.

Previously, OLIG2-expressing stems cells have been identified as having a role in medulloblastoma recurrence. Here, the authors investigate the effects of targeting this OLIG2+ stem cell population in Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma using CT-179, an OLIG2 inhibitor.

Many-body localization is an important example of non-ergodic behaviour, however the conditions for its existence and stability are not fully established. Kloss et al establish theoretically and numerically the absence of many-body localization in a broad class of spin models respecting certain symmetries.

Here, the authors develop a PMO-based heteroduplex oligonucleotide technology that enhances PMO delivery to tissues and normalizes motor/cardiac function and CNS symptoms in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Extreme confinement of water and ions within nanofluidic channels gives rise to unusual transport phenomena. Here the authors investigate how electronic properties of carbon nanotube porins influence the transport efficiency of water and ions.

T cell responses can be generated to either pathogen infection or from priming with a vaccine. Here the authors compare T cell generation, phenotype and single cell transcriptome of participants vaccinated with a mpox vaccine or infected with the virus showing that the virus induced T cells showed more effective function and phenotype.

Understanding and controlling the rheology of polymeric complex fluids is of fundamental importance in both industry and biology. Here, Michieletto et al. show how to achieve time-dependent rheology of DNA solutions via enzymatically-driven architectural alterations by restriction endonucleases.

Robust estimates of either urban expansion worldwide or the effects of such phenomenon on terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) are lacking. Here the authors used the new dataset of global land use to show that the global urban areas expanded largely between 2000 and 2010, which in turn reduced terrestrial NPP globally.

Ecological restoration success may depend on interactions between multiple trophic levels. Here, the authors show that top-down control of crab grazers by shorebirds could help rebuild wetland multifunctionality after invasive cordgrass eradication.

This study identifies candidate safeguard repressor transcription factors that repress alternate lineages in mature cell types and provides functional evidence that Prox1 performs such a function in hepatocytes during reprogramming, regeneration and in cancer.

Structural variations (SV) contribute to inter-individual variability. Here, the authors describe a first-generation multi-ancestry Asian SV catalogue containing 73,035 SVs from 8392 Singaporeans to provide insights into Asian SV diversity.

Using the quantum switch—a process involving a controlled operation followed by post-selection of the control—a system of interest can evolve under an effective dynamics governed by a superposition of operation orders. This work investigates how environmental influences on the control impact the desired superposition of orders in realistic scenarios.

miRNAs can function either as proto-oncogenes or tumour suppressors in several cancers; however their function in tumour initiating cells is unclear. Here, Zhang et al. show that tumour initiating cell-specific miR-1246 and miR-1290 promote lung cancer initiation and metastasis and could serve as prognostic markers.

A consensus cell type atlas for the fly brain provides both an intellectual framework and open-source toolchains for brain-scale comparative connectomics.