In this Review, the authors describe the intricate interplay of chemo-radio-immuno-sensitization in advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma with human papillomavirus (HPV) co-infections. By drawing parallels with other HPV-driven tumours, they provide arguments for the development of effective therapeutic strategies tailored to the unique characteristics of advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma with HPV co-infection.
- Mattia Longoni
- Christian D. Fankhauser
- A. Territo