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A CasRx-based screening platform for genome-scale long noncoding RNA transcriptome perturbation is described.

CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been used for genome engineering in vivo. Here, the authors use a transfection technique to deliver multiple guide RNAs to the pancreas of adult mice, allowing genetic screening and chromosome engineering in pancreatic cancer.

Lymphatic malformation (LM) is a debilitating often incurable vascular disease. Using a mouse model of LM driven by a disease-causative PIK3CA mutation, the authors show that vascular growth is dependent on the upstream lymphangiogenic VEGF-C signalling, permitting effective therapeutic intervention.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) exhibit complex morphologies challenging to capture in organoid models. Here, the authors develop PDAC organoids that can recreate branched structures and, with the use of a minimal mathematical model, shed light to pathways and processes directing the dynamics of self-organization and branching morphogenesis.

Oncogenic dosage variation along distinct evolutionary routes defines fundamental aspects of pancreatic cancer biology and phenotypic diversification.

Responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remain low and alternative combinatorial approaches are warranted. Here the authors report the results of a phase 2 clinical trial of entinostat (histone deacetylases inhibitor) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1 inhibitor) in patients with metastatic PDA.

The next generation of genetically engineered mouse models of pancreatic cancer involving a new inducible dual-recombinase system that combines Flp-FRT and Cre-loxP.

The existence and properties of tetraquark states with two heavy quarks and two light antiquarks have been widely debated. Here, the authors use a unitarized model to study the properties of an exotic narrow state compatible with a doubly charmed tetraquark.

Upon inflammation and targeted gene mutation, some fully differentiated secretory and postmitotic intestinal epithelial lineages dedifferentiate to acquire stem-like features and promote tumor formation.

Besnard et al. uncover functional heterogeneity of somatostatin interneurons (SST-INs) in the dorsolateral septum and reveal a role for a subpopulation of SST-INs as hippocampal relays that govern mobility to calibrate adaptive fear responses.

The Juno spacecraft’s observations of magnetic field perturbations in Jupiter’s polar regions show Birkeland currents associated with aurorae that are weaker than anticipated and filamentary in nature. An asymmetry is observed between the northern and southern auroras.

Polarisation of metastasising cancer cells in circulation has not been investigated before. Here the authors identify single cell polarity as a distinct polarisation state of single cells in liquid phase, and show that perturbing single cell polarity affects attachment, adhesion, transmigration and metastasis in vitro and in vivo.

The mechanisms that govern the transdifferentiation of lung adenocarcinomas (ADC) to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are not fully understood. Here, the authors show that EZH2 loss exacerbates the transdifferentiation of ADCs to SCCs as a result of chromatin changes that lead to expression of squamous differentiation genes.

The LHCb collaboration reports an improved measurement of the oscillation frequency of mesons consisting of a bottom quark and strange quark, which is then combined with previous results.

Identification of cancer genes altered by non-genetic mechanisms in B-cell lymphoma is challenging. Here, the authors report the development of transposon tools to perform genome-wide recessive screens in vivo and validate identified putative tumor suppressor genes using a CRISPR/Cas9 validation platform.

Far-UV observations from the Hubble Space Telescope provide evidence of water vapour in the tenuous atmosphere of Ganymede. Atmospheric water originates from surface ice sublimation, with an enrichment in the subsolar region and substantial asymmetry between the leading and trailing hemispheres.

The Large Hadron Collider beauty collaboration reports a test of lepton flavour universality in decays of bottom mesons into strange mesons and a charged lepton pair, finding evidence of a violation of this principle postulated in the standard model.

Saur and colleagues provide an overview of single-cell analyses in pancreatic cancer and discuss their implications for our understanding of heterogeneity and plasticity in the tumor and its microenvironment.

Roland Rad and colleagues report development of a new conditional piggyBac transposition system for performing insertional mutagenesis screens in mice. They apply the system to identify new oncogenic driver pathways for pancreatic cancer.

It remains unclear how spontaneous Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors escape Yap dependency. Here, the authors show that lineage plasticity promotes spontaneous relapse following YAP ablation and reveal key transcriptional drivers that overcome YAP addiction in PDAC.

Immune responses to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma can be inhibited by cancer cells. Here the authors show that high levels of progranulin in PDAC inhibits immune responses by reducing MHC class I antigen presentation through enhanced degradation of MHC class I via autophagy.

Immediate early genes in developing sensory neurons have a unique bipartite chromatin signature: H3K27ac on promoters and enhancers, and H3K27me3 on gene bodies. Polycomb marking of gene bodies inhibits productive mRNA elongation.

NFAT2 is a transcription factor that has been linked with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), but its functions in CLL manifestation are still unclear. Here the authors show, by analysing mouse CLL models and characterising biopsies from CLL patients, that NFAT2 is an important regulator for the anergic phenotype of CLL.

A catalog of genetic variation in a crop species facilitates marker-assisted breeding, gene mapping and analysis of elite traits. Xu et al. resequenced 40 cultivated and 10 wild rice accessions to >15 × coverage, yielding 6.5 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 808,000 small insertions and deletions.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major component of the desmoplastic stroma in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Here the authors report the importance of macrophage-derived Oncostatin M in reprogramming CAFs to drive a pro-tumorigenic environment in PDA.

The resistance gene Sr43, which was crossed into bread wheat from the wild grass Thinopyrum elongatum, encodes an unusual protein kinase fusion protein that confers wheat stem rust resistance.

The maturation of low-frequency radio astronomy instruments has further opened the magnetic environment of stars to investigation, yielding indications of star–planet interactions and coronal mass ejections in stellar systems other than our own.

This work presents a quantitative draft of the mouse proteome and phosphoproteome constructed from 41 healthy tissues covering 15 major anatomical systems and 66 cell lines.

Auxins are a class of plant hormones that affect various aspects of plant development. Recent studies have identified certain F-box-domain proteins as auxin receptors that control auxin-regulated gene expression through ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Other modes of auxin perception and signalling are also thought to exist.

In this Opinion article, Schneideret al. outline tissue- and cell type-specific differences in tumorigenesis and the organization of oncogenic signalling pathways, and discuss the implications of our understanding of tissue context on molecularly targeted therapy and clinical trial design.

The LHCb Collaboration reports the observation of an exotic, narrow, tetraquark state that contains two charm quarks, an up antiquark and a down antiquark.