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Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

National parochialism is the tendency to cooperate more with people of the same nation. In a 42-nations study, the authors show that national parochialism is a pervasive phenomenon, present to a similar degree across all the studied nations, and occurs both when decisions are private or public.

Using the game Gran Turismo, an agent was trained with a combination of deep reinforcement learning algorithms and specialized training scenarios, demonstrating success against championship-level human racers.

Observations of a fast X-ray transient reveal that it is a gamma-ray-burst explosion from a very distant galaxy that emits light with the wavelength necessary to drive cosmic reionization, the last major phase change in the history of the Universe.

Using intracranial EEG recordings in epilepsy patients, Pacheco-Estefan et al. describe changes in the neural representations of cues and contexts during fear and extinction learning in the human brain.

Species’ traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. Here, the authors find that dominant tree species are taller and have softer wood compared to rare species and that these trait differences are more strongly associated with temperature than water availability.

A comparison of alpha diversity (number of plant species) and dark diversity (species that are currently absent from a site despite being ecologically suitable) demonstrates the negative effects of regional-scale anthropogenic activity on plant diversity.

Few therapeutic options are available for patients with Neurofibromatosis Type II. Here, the authors identify G6PD as a potential pharmacological target and show that NF2 mutant Schwann cells are in an oxidized state and die when G6PD is inhibited.

The performance of perovskite-based solar cells has improved dramatically in recent years, yet surprisingly little is known about the details of how they work. Grancini et al. report results that suggest that their behaviour is dominated by the transport of free carriers rather than excitons.

Some lake basins in the polar regions of Titan may be craters from nitrogen vapour explosions due to past warming, according to analysis of their morphology in comparison to terrestrial explosion craters from magma–water interaction.

The homeostasis and function of adipose tissue are tightly regulated by immune cells, with macrophages playing a pivotal role. Here the authors show that PpargHIGH macrophages positively enhance brown adipose tissue thermogenesis through GDF15.

In acoustic systems, quantum spin Hall physics is rarely observed because the crucial ingredient spin-orbit coupling is missing. Here, the authors construct an acoustic crystal with synthetic spin-orbit coupling and observe gapless helical boundary states as well as spin flipping effect.

Machine learning models represent an opportunity for the automatic generation of histopathology reports. Here, the authors develop HistoGPT, a vision language model that can generate reports from multiple gigapixel-sized whole slide images and also predict tumour thickness, subtypes, and margins, among other diseases.

The factors that limit the nutrient flexibility of cells remain largely unknown. Here, the authors identify the glutamate/cysteine antiporter xCT in a genetic screen for glucose dependency and show it determines the ability of cells to survive under conditions of low glucose by limiting the utilization of glutamine.

Mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis is reported to influence cellular senescence. Here the authors show that TRPC3 limits senescence by inhibiting IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release and ER mitochondria Ca2+ transfer and that the downregulation of TRPC3 in stromal cells affects SASP production and tumour progression.

Vast quantities of carbon stored in tropical forests are threatened by deforestation. Here, using high resolution satellite data, Brincket al. examine how edge effects influence carbon emissions and they find an additional 10.3 Gt of carbon are released by deforestation when including fragmentation effects.

Wood density is an important plant trait. Data from 1.1 million forest inventory plots and 10,703 tree species show a latitudinal gradient in wood density, with temperature and soil moisture explaining variation at the global scale and disturbance also having a role at the local level.

Tonic and burst-like locus coeruleus firing distinctly tune brain topology toward associative and sensory regions, recruiting both astrocytic and neuronal inhibitory activity.

The enzymes that link bacterial capsule polymers to the outermembrane glycolipids, termed transition transferases, are identified, enabling reconstruction of the entire capsule biosynthesis pathway.

Experimental analysis of gene drive population dynamics has mostly been limited to small cage trials. Here the authors, to fill the gap between lab based studies and field studies, use large indoor cages and see population suppression without the emergence of resistant alleles

Behavioural experiments to study decision-making in response to context-dependent accumulation of evidence provide testable models that are consistent with the heterogeneity in neural signatures among rats that perform well in trials.

This megastudy testing different interventions finds that honesty oaths are effective and can mitigate tax evasion in an incentivized game.

Actionable research recommendations are outlined to improve the monitoring and modelling of forest resources and their carbon sink, and to better inform forest management decisions and the European Green Deal.

High atmospheric concentrations of isoprene have been observed in the Southern Ocean. The authors investigate their potential marine sources and show how these emissions impact the modelling of atmospheric processes and composition in remote environments.

This Brain Somatic Mosaicism Network analysis of 283 cases of malformations of cortical development identifies 69 candidate and known genes in 76 patients. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing and mouse modeling implicate radial glia and daughter excitatory neurons.

Analysis of ground-sourced and satellite-derived models reveals a global forest carbon potential of 226 Gt outside agricultural and urban lands, with a difference of only 12% across these modelling approaches.

Here the authors use mRNA display to discover peptide inhibitors of BamA, an essential factor that catalyzes the membrane insertion of bacterial outer membrane proteins. They show that three peptides are antibacterial and inhibit BamA activity by a unique mechanism.

Polymerase Bcs3, which allows the fermentation-free synthesis of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsule for vaccine development, adopts a basket-like shape with all six active sites facing the interior, creating a protected environment for catalysis.

Here, the authors introduce a constant light-induced magneto-transport method which seamlessly integrates light, current, and a magnetic field to characterize electron and hole properties across an expansive array of materials.

Common bean is an evolutionary model for studying adaptive diversity in legumes. Here, the authors present the common bean pangenome based on five high-quality genomes and whole-genome reads of 339 wild and domesticated genotypes, and reveal adaptive gene loss during expansion and domestication.

Fluctuations of atomic positions are related to several materials properties. Here the authors measure the photon number statistics via a non-equilibrium optical experiment and provide a quantum description of the interaction between photonic and phononic fields to reveal lattice dynamics fluctuations in quartz.

Alternative stable states in forests have implications for the biosphere. Here, the authors combine forest biodiversity observations and simulations revealing that leaf types across temperate regions of the NH follow a bimodal distribution suggesting signatures of alternative forest states.

Functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity are expected to be positively correlated. Here the authors show that the covariation between these metrics in vascular plant communities around the world is often either inconsistent or negative.

Heterostructures of transition metal dichalcogenides are known to simulate the triangular-lattice Hubbard model. Now, by combining a monolayer and bilayer of different materials, this idea is extended to multi-orbital Hubbard models.

Examining drivers of the latitudinal biodiversity gradient in a global database of local tree species richness, the authors show that co-limitation by multiple environmental and anthropogenic factors causes steeper increases in richness with latitude in tropical versus temperate and boreal zones.

A seeded free-electron laser with a two-stage harmonic upshift configuration provided tunable and coherent soft-X-ray pulses. The configuration produced single-transverse-mode, narrow-spectral-bandwidth femtosecond pulses with energies of several tens of microjoules and a low pulse-to-pulse wavelength jitter at wavelengths of 10.8 nm and below.

Resolvins are endogenous lipids with pro-resolving activity. Here the authors find that rats overexpressing human α-synuclein show defects in dopamine signalling before dopamine cell loss, and that this is associated with low Resolvin D1 levels and neuroinflammation.

This study uses transfer learning to identify seismic eruption precursors shared among volcanoes, enabling accurate forecasting even at data-scarce sites. Results show that seismic patterns exhibit ergodicity, supporting scalable models to improve volcanic monitoring and risk mitigation.

Here, the reaction of the suicide inhibitor sulbactam with the M. tuberculosis β-lactamase (BlaC) is investigated with time-resolved crystallography. Singular Value Decomposition is implemented to extract kinetic information despite changes in unit cell parameters during the time-course of the reaction.