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A computational framework is introduced to study how molecular changes impact brain activity, using biophysically grounded mean-field models to evaluate how drugs acting on synaptic receptors lead to emergent changes in large-scale brain activity.

Complete strain tensor fields of twisted bilayer graphene are quantitatively mapped, revealing two-regime reconstruction mechanics depending on twist angle.

Flies have evolved two distinct strategies for managing mechanical stresses during embryogenesis: out-of-plane cell division in midges and transient out-of-plane tissue folding in fruit flies.

The Authors measure the amplification of electromagnetic waves scattered by a rotating metallic cylinder, gaining mechanical rotational energy from the body, as predicted by Zel’dovich in 1971.

In people with severe brain injuries, stimulation restored consciousness by engaging a deep brain circuit for wakefulness—revealing a target that may also guide treatment in stroke and epilepsy.

The current understanding of the origin and properties of cluster magnetic fields is limited by observational challenges. Here, the authors show that magnetic field orientations of galaxy clusters, including radio relic and radio halos, can be derived via combination of synchrotron intensity gradient technique with radio observations.

Oby, Degenhart, Grigsby and colleagues used a brain–computer interface to challenge monkeys to override their natural time courses of neural activity. They found the time courses to be highly robust, suggestive of network-level computational mechanisms.

The detection of the auroral footprint of Jupiter’s moon Callisto is challenging, but a shift in Jupiter’s bright main auroral oval could provide an opportunity for potential detections. Here, the authors show observation of the ultraviolet footprint of Callisto using Juno spacecraft data, benefiting from such opportunity.

Photoconductive sampling of optical fields is a powerful measurement technique, but existing models fail to connect single-electron dynamics to measured signals. Here, the authors report a model that identifies the roles of electron-neutral scattering and mean-field charge interaction in photoconductive sampling.

Uniform illumination is a prerequisite for quantitative analyses in both classical fluorescence microscopy and single molecule localisation microscopy. Here, the authors introduce ASTER, an illumination technique that generates uniform illumination over large and adaptable fields of view, compatible with epifluorescence, HiLo and TIRF illumination schemes.

Models of decision making have so far been unable to account for how humans’ choices can be flexible yet efficient. Here the authors present a linear reinforcement learning model which explains both flexibility, and rare limitations such as habits, as arising from efficient approximate computation

The authors report the implementation of a bilayer system of 2D ultracold Bose gases with controllable Josephson coupling. This allows characterisation of coupling-induced superfluid phases and their microscopic origin tracing back to vortex binding.

The SLC45A4 gene encodes a neuronal polyamine transporter and is linked to pain response in humans and mice.

The authors provide an experimental demonstration of magnetic field generation in graphene disks via the inverse Faraday effect. When the disks are illuminated with circularly polarized radiation in resonance with the graphene plasmon frequency, the corresponding rotational motion of the charge carriers gives rise to a unipolar magnetic field.

Three-dimensional nanofabrication allows for the precise tailoring of curvature of magnetic nanowires, and therefore the local symmetry breaking. Here, Ruiz-Gomez et al use this control to study the interaction of domain walls with local curvature, engineering potential wells and shift registers.

A universal and versatile terahertz wavefront-phase manipulation is proposed and confirmed experimentally by manipulating two-dimensionally phases of the near-infrared pulses and converting them to terahertz region by nonlinear difference frequency.

Proximity effects in molecule/metal heterostructures offer a promising route to control magnetic properties. Here, the authors report a light-controlled proximity effect at a Co/C₆₀ interface, where laser-induced excitons in C₆₀ alter interfacial interactions, leading to a 60% quenching of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency of Co.

Here, the authors identify the microbiota-derived corisin as a driver of diabetic kidney fibrosis via cellular aging and show that targeting corisin with a monoclonal antibody alleviates disease in mice, suggesting a potential therapeutic avenue.

Mathematical models of V1 seek to explain the response properties of V1 neurons, often with more complex models providing more accurate predictions. Here, the authors show that deep neural network models of mouse and monkey V1 can be dramatically simplified to a two-layer “minimodel" while retaining high accuracy.

Using degron approaches, the authors show that cancer cells experiencing prolonged DNA methylation loss—without substantial DNA damage—undergo non-canonical senescence. This has important potential implications for cancer treatment.

The axial Higgs mode is theoretically attributed to a hidden ferroaxial component of charge order. In rare-earth tritellurides, this ferroaxial order is now shown to be induced by intertwined orbital and charge orders.

A demonstration of attosecond control of the motion and directed emission of electrons from individual silica nanoparticles using few-cycle laser fields opens new possibilities to manipulate electronic processes in nanoscale systems.

In a quantum simulation of a (2+1)D lattice gauge theory using a superconducting quantum processor, the dynamics of strings reveal the transition from deconfined to confined excitations as the effective electric field is increased.

Dual-scale chemical ordering in CoNiV-based alloys improves the synergy of strength and ductility at cryogenic temperatures, providing an approach for obtaining high-performance metallic materials for cryogenic applications.

Solving partial differential equations is the cornerstone of scientific and engineering development. Here, authors show a high-performance optical neural engine architecture, combining diffractive optics and optical matrix multipliers, to solve a variety of equations in broad scientific domains.

People cheat more when they delegate tasks to artificial intelligence, and large language models are more likely than humans to comply with unethical instructions—a risk that can be minimized by introducing prohibitive, task-specific guardrails.

During chronic but not acute inflammation, chromatin remodelling is influenced by nuclear autophagy through WSTF interaction with ATG8 in the nucleus, leading to WSTF nuclear export and its subsequent degradation.

An experimental and theoretical study of the real-time dynamics in strong-field ionization of xenon atoms reveals the previously unknown role of transient ground-state polarization.

Complementary types of retinal ganglion cell form mosaics with receptive fields that are farther apart than would be expected by chance, supporting the efficient coding of natural scenes.

Efficient energy transport by laser-driven relativistic electron beams is crucial in many applications including inertial confinement fusion, and particle acceleration. Here the authors demonstrate relativistic electron beam guiding in dense plasma with an externally imposed high magnetic field.

Hardcastle and Marshall et al. show that striatal function is domain specific, required for task-related but not spontaneously expressed movements. This functional distinction is reflected in starkly different kinematic codes across the domains.

Understanding molecule-surface interactions is key to neat on-surface synthesis of functional nanomaterials. Here, the authors measure interactions of metal surface atoms with CO-terminated tips to reveal their nature and reliable adsorption sites.

Reducing rotational dephasing is a major challenge in ultracold molecules. Here, the authors demonstrate coherent control of three rotational states in ultracold molecules trapped in magic-wavelength optical tweezers, opening prospects towards quantum applications with higher-dimensional systems.

Spin–photon interfaces provide a connection between quantum information stored in atomic or electronic spins and optical communications networks. A quantum photon emitter with long-lived, controllable coherent spin has now been demonstrated.

Hepatitis E virus exists in two forms in patients: naked and quasi-enveloped. Using a new imaging method, the authors found that these forms enter cells through different pathways, directed by interaction of the capsid protein with integrin beta 1.

Despite a ban on ozone depleting substances, ozone depletion during cold winters in the Arctic stratosphere has been increasing in recent decades. Here, the authors show conditions favourable for Arctic ozone depletion could worsen as a response of stratospheric temperature and water to continued release of greenhouse gases.

An optical method for the temporal and spatial reconstruction of the electric field of few-cycle pulses is developed. The method is based on two attosecond technologies: extreme-ultraviolet interferometry and a directional electric field detector.

Spin ice compounds have localised excitations that behave as magnetic monopoles which move by hopping from site to site, creating a chain of spins. Here the authors show that the hyperfine coupling between electron and nuclear spins is an important part of the mechanism underlying monopole motion.

The number of individuals in a given space influences animal interactions and network dynamics. Here the authors identify general rules underlying density dependence in animal networks and reveal some fundamental differences between spatial and social dynamics.

Russo et al. show that context-specific place cell assemblies support hippocampal integration of past experiences into future plans during goal-directed behavior and propose a biophysical mechanism behind the formation of goal dependent theta sequences.