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Mohri et al. show that, in response to genotoxic stress, melanocyte stem cells undergo senescence-associated differentiation, causing their depletion and protecting them against melanomagenesis. This process is suppressed by carcinogens.

A single-cell multiomic immune cell atlas from 235 Japanese, including patients with COVID-19 and healthy individuals, linked with host genetics including germline and somatic mutation, plasma proteomics and metagenomics data reveals that immune cells are dynamically regulated in a cell state-dependent manner.

Quantum sensors based on NV centers in diamond can reach sub-nanometer spatial resolution, but high temporal resolution remains a challenge. Here the authors report an ultrafast electro-optical sensor using NV centers, demonstrating surface electric field sensing with nanometer–femtosecond resolution.

For fertilization, sperm migrate through the utero-tubal junction (UTJ) and bind to the zona pellucida (ZP). Here the authors identify sperm expressed GALNTL5 as a GalNAc binding factor required for migration though the UTJ and attachment to the ZP.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

A newly identified bacterial strain (YB328) isolated from the faeces of patients who responded to immune checkpoint blockade therapies can promote antitumour immunity through the activation of tumour-specific CD8⁺ T cells.

Optical access to the brain is limited by light scattering in the skull. Here, the authors present SeeThrough, a rationally designed skull clearing technique that enables simple, minimally-invasive, high-resolution, mesoscale, and longitudinal imaging of the brain parenchyma and brain-skull interface without skull removal.

The mechanism underlying the increase in elastic moduli and rupture resistance upon strain-induced crystallization in elastomers remains unclear. Here, the authors use nanoscale electron diffraction mapping and in situ transmission electron microscopy to study the self-reinforcement mechanism of isoprene rubber with silica nanoparticles during stretching.

Lithium-ion batteries face safety and capacity limitations. Here, authors develop a composite solid electrolyte combining anti-perovskite and perovskite phases, enabling low-temperature processing and stable interfaces. This advance supports safer, high-performance all-solid-state batteries.

Molecular biomarkers of recurrence in colorectal cancer (CRC) generally cannot capture spatial information about the tumour and its microenvironment. Here, the authors develop HIBRID, a deep learning model to predict disease-free survival in CRC from histopathology whole slide images, improving risk stratification in large cohorts.

Lineage switching (LS) facilitates acute myeloid leukemia (AML) escaping CD19 targeted immunotherapy, but the underlying mechanism are not well understood. The authors here analyze patients’ single-cell mass cytometry and single-cell transcriptomics data, and identify an LS AML with the MDSC-like phenotype which is associated with LS in AML with KMT2A rearrangement.

A genome-wide association study highlights a variant in DOCK2, which is common in East Asian populations but rare in Europeans, as a host genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19.

After transplantation into the brain of patients with Parkinson’s disease, allogeneic dopaminergic progenitors derived from induced pluripotent stem cells survived, produced dopamine and did not form tumours, therefore suggesting safety and potential clinical benefits for Parkinson’s disease.

Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells taken from patients with myeloma shows how treatment shapes clonal architecture and sheds light on the evolution of treatment-related myeloid neoplasms.

Tidal locking imposes distinctive thermal forcing on super-Earth exoplanets in habitable zones. Through experiments and modelling of internal mantle dynamics, the authors show that geothermal heating in the mid to high latitudes of such planets can potentially create habitable areas.

Quantum information processing normally uses either discrete- or continuous-variable encoding. Here, the authors bridge the two approaches, showing how to entangle Schrodinger’s cats states by conversion between Bell states in the Fock and cat bases and by a simple Fock-state-like gate operation.

This study describes a new method to enhance AlphaFold2 by integrating distance constraints, outperforming Rosetta and Alphafold on a test set of challenging protein targets. The method has potential applicability in modeling conformational states, fitting cryo-EM maps, and generating ensembles consistent with NMR data.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 73 Japanese patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 75 healthy controls were analyzed using single-cell transcriptomics. Combining these data with genotyping data highlights the interplay between host genetics and the immune response in modulating disease severity.

In mice, tissue-mimetic cells appear in thymus in two distinct waves, creating two distinct pools of mimetic cells, each expressing antigens characteristic of different cell types.

By controlling the contribution of secondary nucleation in the self-assembly of chiral photoswitch molecules using light, it is possible to preferentially generate metastable aggregates, thereby reversing the supramolecular chirality.

In cancer it is assumed that microRNAs recognise and regulate their targets uniformly. Here, the authors show that in gastrointestinal cancers methylation of microRNAs may impact their stability, and that levels of microRNA methylation are distinct in pancreatic cancer patients compared to healthy controls with potential diagnostic implications.

Loss of active DNA demethylation increases DNA methylation at numerous loci in plant vegetative tissues; however, resulting developmental phenotypes have not been observed. Yamamuro et al. show that mutation of the 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase ROS1 results in overproduction of stomatal lineage cells in Arabidopsis.

Growth of high-quality III–V semiconductors for electronics and optoelectronics usually requires an atomic-lattice matched substrate. Here, the authors use templated liquid-phase crystal growth to create single-crystalline III–V material up to ten micrometres across on an amorphous substrate.

The Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling is widely used in industrial and academic settings for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. Here, the authors report a procedure whereby a molecule with multiple reactive carbon-boron bonds can undergo sequential, selective Suzuki-Miyaura reactions without the need for protecting groups.

High-energy particles can be used for precise fabrication of nanostructures by inducing cross-linking between structures. Here the authors use a single particle fabrication technique to assemble protein nanowires, giving structures with high aspect ratios retaining biological functions.

Surgical removal of the metastases remains a life-extending approach to ovarian cancer, but the nodules are difficult to detect. Here the authors show that a new cell-permeable probe for β-galactosidase can sensitively and specifically detect peritoneal metastases in mouse models of ovarian cancer.

RamR is an important multidrug-resistance factor, however, its structure and the molecules to which it responds are hitherto unknown. Here, the authors report the crystal structures of RamR complexed with multiple drugs, revealing significant flexibility in its substrate-recognition region.

Deep subsurface formations are potential sites for carbon capture and storage but how subsurface microbial communities may respond to this is not clear. Here, Mayumi et al. construct microcosms and show that increasing CO₂partial pressure via carbon capture and storage more than doubles the rate of methanogenesis.

Analysis of the blood DNA virome in patients with COVID-19 and autoimmune disease associates endogenous HHV-6 (eHHV-6) and high anellovirus load with increased disease risk, most notably for systemic lupus erythematosus. eHHV-6 carriers show a distinct immune response.

Porous and hollow silk fibroin microneedles nanofabricated with phase front assembly allow the authors to establish a prolonged interface with plants for delivery of micronutrients, crop fortification and continuous plant health monitoring.

Different phosphorylation patterns created by GRK2 and GRK5 on the C-terminal tail of ACKR3 lead to distinct structural arrangements and dynamics of G-protein-coupled receptor–arrestin complexes, potentially explaining diverse cellular outcomes.

Surface enhancements in glass mobility are complicated in polymers by the interplay of the surface mobile layer thickness with a second length scale (the size of the polymer chains), giving rise to a transient rubbery surface even in polymers with short chains.

Clinical manifestations in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) are highly heterogeneous, and identifying the root causes of clinical symptoms is challenging. Here, by performing single-cell profiling of peripheral blood from SSc patients, the authors identify distinct immune abnormalities associated with acute organ complications, including interstitial lung disease and scleroderma renal crisis.

Studying embryo implantation remains challenging due to limited in situ access. Here, the authors demonstrate implantation and embryogenesis on an ex vivo uterine system that enables a scalable implantation screening by modulating maternal-embryonic signaling.

A Lorentz transmission electron microscopy study of a thin iron germanium film reveals the aggregation dynamics of skyrmions when pushed out of equilibrium.

During mercerization, cellulose undergoes a conversion from form I to form II which involves change of the direction of every other cellulose chain but a clear understanding of how this change happens is lacking. Here, the authors use neutron diffraction on deuterium labelled cellulose to demonstrate that chains fold back on themselves in a zigzag pattern to form crystalline anti-parallel domains.

Spin-triplet exciton condensation has been predicted in perovskite cobaltites in high magnetic fields. Here, the authors report the magnetic phase diagram of LaCoO₃ from magnetostriction measurements in ultrahigh magnetic fields and reveal new high-field phases with signatures of the exciton condensate.

Antiferromagnetic Weyl semimetals based on Mn₃X (X = Ge, Sn, Ga) kagome compounds exhibit significant electromagnetic responses even in the absence of large magnetization, but optimizing these effects across a wide temperature range is crucial for device applications. Here, the authors demonstrate that Mn₃Sn_1−xGa_x sputtered films offer tunable antiferromagnetic transition temperatures and enhanced anomalous Hall effect, paving the way for optimized antiferromagnetic materials in technological applications.

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a severe brain disorder caused by autoantibodies that trigger NMDA receptor loss. Here, the authors show that ART5803, a monovalent antibody, blocks this process and restores function in cell and primate models.