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Long-range interactions are challenging for machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs). Here, authors show that, by just learning from energies and forces, MLIPs can accurately capture electrostatics and predict atomic charges.

How the brain supports speaking and listening during conversation of its natural form remains poorly understood. Here, by combining intracranial EEG recordings with Natural Language Processing, the authors show broadly distributed frontotemporal neural signals that encode context-dependent linguistic information during both speaking and listening..

Using data from the CoVPN 3008 study, the authors show that the neutralizing antibody correlate of risk holds in people living with HIV. However, the nAb correlate was weaker and shorter-lived in a vaccine-immunity versus hybrid-immunity population.

A national prospective study of patients requiring hospitalization for COVID-19 demonstrates global cognitive deficits at 1 year, associated with elevated brain injury markers and reduced gray matter volume.

Native top-down proteomics reveals epidermal growth factor receptor–estrogen receptor-alpha (EGFR–ER) signaling crosstalk in breast cancer cells and dissociation of nuclear transport factor 2 (NUTF2) dimers to modulate ER signaling and cell growth.

Heller et al. showed dense longitudinal imaging in four females, including one with endometriosis and one using oral contraceptives, and the finding that different hormonal milieus influence widespread brain volume changes linked to progesterone or estradiol.

Confocal microscopy enables high-resolution, high-plex 3D cyclic immunofluorescence of 30- to 50-µm-thick tissue sections. The approach allows for rich phenotypic assessments of intact cells and intercellular interactions with subcellular resolution.

In multiple sclerosis, smoldering inflammation contributes to clinical progression. Using multi-omics data, here the authors link chronic inflammation to senescence-like processes and cellular network changes, suggesting a potential therapeutic target.

This study discovers human SERF2 as a key partner in stress granule formation by binding specific RNA G-quadruplexes. SERF2 and these RNAs provide a detailed structural model of protein-RNA interactions driving liquid-liquid phase separation in condensates.

The authors report spectral hole burning with a record hole lifetime in a Er³⁺ doped scheelite crystal CaWO₄ at mK temperatures. This can benefit applications in classical and quantum information processing.

Adaptive optical vision Fourier transformer (AOViFT) is a machine learning-based framework for accurately inferring aberrations and restoring diffraction-limited performance in diverse biological specimens.

KCNQ1 (Kv7.1) channels are critical for heart rhythm homeostasis. Here, the authors report the KCNQ1 structure in an intermediate state, revealing unique S1–S2 conformations that illuminate channel gating and may aid targeted drug development.

WISDEM is a hybrid detector for simultaneous EEG and fMRI recordings without artifacts or crosstalk, which allows access to neural activity at high temporal and spatial resolution, respectively, as demonstrated in rats.

Natural products inspire the development of pseudo-natural products through combinations of fragments of compound classes that are chemically and biologically distinct. Here, the authors report a library of 244 pseudo-natural products, evaluate them in the cell painting essays and identify the phenotypic role of individual fragments.

This study maps the connections of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the mouse cortex, revealing distinct local and intercortical wiring patterns, and provides an open framework for exploring the connectivity of cell types.

Oligodendrocytes are critical for brain myelination and repair. Here, the authors show that erythropoietin enhances oligodendrocyte lineage progression, promoting myelination through transcriptional regulation.

The authors show how to compute the autocorrelation function of FRET efficiencies and obtain dynamic information from as little as a few thousand molecules.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of specialized metabolites is an iterative process. Here, the authors demonstrate a native metabolomics approach that allows for fast screening of complex metabolite extracts against a protein of interest and simultaneous structure annotation.

Here the authors show that mutations in V-ATPase genes in follicular lymphoma trigger V-ATPase-dependent autophagy. This process, linked to tryptophan metabolism and ribosome biogenesis, may help tumor cells thrive under stress conditions.

Experiments and modelling unravel mechanisms of nitrous oxide production from nitrate, the primary nitrous oxide production pathway in oxygen minimum zones. Results highlight the critical role of microbial interactions in regulating this pathway.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

This study explores the relationship between telomere length and clonal hematopoiesis. Splicing factor and PPM1D gene mutations are more frequent in people with genetically predicted shorter telomere lengths, suggesting that these mutations protect against the consequences of telomere attrition.

McGavern and colleagues identified a CD8⁺ T cell population that expresses GZMK in ʽtau-richʼ brains, where it may play a protective role against neurodegeneration.

Amouzgar and colleagues present a deep, single-cell mass cytometry approach to capture canonical and noncanonical cell cycle states using protein, phospho-protein, and DNA labelling measurements for high-throughput, multiplexed cell cycle quantification.

CLEM-Reg automates the three-dimensional alignment of volume correlative light and electron microscopy datasets by leveraging probabilistic point cloud registration techniques for fast and accurate results across diverse datasets.

Engineering of semiconductor nanocrystals requires a detailed understanding of their formation. Here, the authors use signal-enhanced NMR and theoretical calculations to decode the structural transition from metastable CdSe clusters to mature quantum dots.

Human transplantation with allogeneic donor organs results in non-matching of MHC and differential presentation of T cell antigens. Here the authors show that in a lung transplanted SARS-CoV-2 infected patient T cell responses generated from the host may not be able to recognise infected cells within the graft and this may contribute to virus persistence.

CD123 expression on leukemic stem and progenitor cells (LSPCs) and leukemic blasts representing a promising therapeutic target. However previous CD123-targeting approaches had limited efficacy and safety concerns. The authors here evaluate the bispecific CD123/CD16A innate cell engager AFM28 and manifest its efficacy both in vitro and in vivo, which is mediated by NK cells.

The Panoptes antiphage system defends bacteria by detecting phage-encoded counter-defences that sequester cyclic nucleotide signals, triggering membrane disruption and highlighting a broader strategy of sensing immune evasion through second-messenger surveillance.

The native anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) oncofetal protein is expressed in neuroblastoma and in multiple pediatric and adult solid tumors. Here, the authors show an ALK-directed antibody-drug conjugate with therapeutic efficacy in ALK-expressing preclinical models.

Polygenic risk scores can help identify individuals at higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Here, the authors characterise a multi-ancestry score across nearly 900,000 people, showing that its predictive value depends on demographic and clinical context and extends to related traits and complications.

The pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be found in vacuoles and cytoplasm within infected cells. Here, Schator et al. show that extracellular bacteria use a type-III secretion system to induce Ca²⁺ influx into host cells and promote vacuole escape of intracellular bacteria and in vivo dissemination.

The ribosomal decoding center monitors accurate translation of 3-base mRNA codons. Here, the authors use cryo-EM to show how one of the monitoring bases of the ribosome enables a frameshift-inducing tRNA to instead read a 2-base codon.

At equilibrium, the ferroelectric polarization is proportional to the strain. At ultrafast timescales, an above-bandgap laser excitation decouples strain and polarization, which, out of equilibrium, is mainly determined by the photoexcited electrons.

Geospatial estimates of the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age across 82 low-income and middle-income countries reveals considerable heterogeneity and inequality at national and subnational levels, with few countries on track to meet the WHO Global Nutrition Targets by 2030.

Breast cancer cells interact with neighbouring adipocytes, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, the authors show that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells transfer cAMP through gap junctions, activating lipolysis in tumour-associated adipocytes to promote TNBC growth.

Understanding molecule-surface interactions is key to neat on-surface synthesis of functional nanomaterials. Here, the authors measure interactions of metal surface atoms with CO-terminated tips to reveal their nature and reliable adsorption sites.

High-resolution geospatial mapping found that the annual incidence of cholera shifted from western to central and eastern Africa between 2011 and 2020, with the latter regions more likely to report cholera in 2022–2023, reflecting instability in cholera burden patterns that can impact progress in disease control.

Systematic comparison of genome-wide association results for disease risk and disease-specific mortality for nine common diseases across seven biobanks finds limited overlap between genetic effects on disease susceptibility and survival.

Activity recognition in live-cell imaging is laborious. Here, authors present, IVEA, a fully automated AI ImageJ plugin, that efficiently detects and classifies exocytosis events, from synaptic transmission to single-vesicle fusion, across cell types and imaging setups.

Cardiovascular function declines with age. In this study, the authors show that the BAT-derived lipokine 12,13-diHOME preserves cardiac function in aged mice by attenuating pathological CaMKII activity.

Genome-wide analyses for 7,266 traits leveraging data from several genetic ancestry groups in UK Biobank identify new associations and enhance resources for interpreting risk variants across diverse populations.

Sequencing analysis of tamoxifen-associated uterine cancers and further in vivo analyses suggest that the drug tamoxifen can activate the PI3K pathway in the absence of oncogenic mutations.

The origin and composition of stromal fibroblasts in the fibrotic CNS scar are unclear. Here, the authors demonstrate that pericytes and perivascular fibroblasts contribute to fibrotic scarring following spinal cord injury in mice in a region-dependent manner.

Zhang et al. performed a multi-regional multi-omics study, identifying brain-wide mitochondrial and synaptic defects in neurons and glial inflammation as key mechanisms underlying central nervous system impairment in COVID-19, potentially triggering neurodegeneration.

The complex processes guiding mammalian cortical folding are incompletely understood. Here authors report that cortical folding was enhanced in mice by combining mutations affecting neuron adhesion and progenitor expansion, producing both sulci and gyri.

In patients with advanced cancer, the development of brain metastasis (BM) often signals a worsening prognosis with limited therapeutic options. Here, the authors assemble a large, open-source neuroimaging dataset of BM and perform spatial and morphological analysis which they use to develop a framework for function-sparing brain radiotherapy design.

Malaria control and elimination require environmentally safe strategies. Here, the authors propose L-DOPA, a naturally occurring tyrosine derivative, as a mosquito dietary intervention that can shorten lifespan and reduce malaria parasite burden of female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes.

Non-syndromic orofacial cleft is a relatively common congenital anomaly. Many non-coding genetic variants are associated with this disorder but only a subset is functional. Here the authors use reporter assays and stem cells to reveal members of this subset.

Brain-wide recordings in mice reveal that prior expectations are distributed through recurrent loops across all levels of cortical and subcortical processing.